Primary studyCore evidenceTheory Transport

Effects of intervalence charge transfer interaction between π-stacked mixed valent tetrathiafulvalene ligands on the electrical conductivity of 3D metal-organic frameworks

Zhang S., Panda D.K., Yadav A. et al. · Chemical Science · 2021 · 13379-13391

6materials
8samples
6synthesis routes
43measurements
110results
4claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

CaveatSupport assessment: High

The authors caution that pellet conductivities are usually one to two orders of magnitude lower than single-crystal conductivities because of grain-boundary and contact resistance.

Caveat: No single-crystal conductivity was measured in this work.

13388 · Electrical conductivity · Linked to 6 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Aerobically oxidized K-MOF 2-ox has the highest reported average and maximum room-temperature pellet conductivity in the extracted data set for this paper.

Caveat: Na-MOF 1-ox is highest among freshly prepared MOFs; 2-ox is obtained after post-synthetic air oxidation.

13385 · Table 2 · Table 2 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Cs-MOF 4 is the poorest conductor because it has the largest p-p distance/near-orthogonal TTF stacking, negligible TTFTC•+ population, weak IVCT, and widest optical/electronic band gaps.

Caveat: Cs-MOF remained phase-stable and air-resistant; low conductivity is not attributed to decomposition.

13385-13388 · Optical properties and electrical conductivity · Linked to 5 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Electrical conductivity is governed by combined TTFTC radical-cation population, TTFTC/TTFTC•+ IVCT interaction, and through-space charge movement through p-stacked TTFTC ligands rather than through metal-ligand bonds.

Caveat: Pellet measurements may underestimate intrinsic single-crystal conductivity; MOFs are not strictly isostructural.

13387-13389 · Electrical conductivity / Conclusions · Linked to 7 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Cs-MOF 4[Cs4(TTFTC)(H2O)2]; elemental-analysis formula C10H4Cs4O12S4Cs+ carboxylate framework with four distinct Cs+ coordination environments · TTFTC3D · PristineOrthorhombic Pna21; boat-shaped TTFTC ligands p-stacked along b-axis; neutral/air-resistant framework13383 · Syntheses and crystal structures of MOFs · Fig. 2, Table 1
K-MOF 2 / 2-ox[K4(TTFTC)(H2O)2]·2H2O; elemental-analysis formula C10H8K4O12S4K+ carboxylate sheets; two hepta-coordinated K+ environments with some K-S coordination · TTFTC3D · PristineMonoclinic P21/c; p-stacked TTFTC along c-axis; fresh 2 and aerobically oxidized 2-ox share framework crystallinity13382-13383 · Syntheses and crystal structures of MOFs · Fig. 2, Table 1
TTFTC-H4TTFTC tetra-acidnone · tetrathiafulvalene tetracarboxylic acid control0D · Model Systemmolecular ligand controlS4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
TTFTC-Me4C14H12O8S4none · tetramethyl tetrathiafulvalene tetracarboxylate precursor/control0D · Model Systemmolecular ligand controlS3-S4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
Na-MOF 1-ox[Na4(TTFTC)(H2O)2]·0.5H2O; elemental-analysis formula reported as C11H16Na4O15S4Na+ carboxylate sheets/chains; two distinct hexacoordinated Na+ ions · TTFTC (tetrathiafulvalene tetracarboxylate)3D · PristineOrthorhombic Ibam; p-stacked TTFTC along c-axis; optimally oxidized mixed-valent TTFTC0/•+ framework13381 · Syntheses and crystal structures of MOFs · Fig. 2, Table 1
Rb-MOF 3 / 3-ox[Rb4(TTFTC)(H2O)3]·H2O; crystallographic Table S2 formula C5H4Rb2O6S2; elemental-analysis formula C10H8Rb4O12S4Rb+ carboxylate sheets with two octa-coordinated and one hepta-coordinated Rb+ environments; all four S atoms coordinated to Rb+ · TTFTC3D · PristineOrthorhombic Pbcn; p-stacked TTFTC along c-axis; fresh 3 and aerobically oxidized 3-ox share framework crystallinity13383 · Syntheses and crystal structures of MOFs · Fig. 2, Table 1

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 8 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Cs-MOF 4research_0525__mat__m_csPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkorange crystalline bulk material; air-stable/resistant to aerobic oxidationS4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
K-MOF 2research_0525__mat__m_kPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkfreshly prepared reddish-orange crystalline bulk materialS4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
K-MOF 2-oxresearch_0525__mat__m_kPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkaerobically oxidized dark brown/black powder after air exposureS4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
TTFTC-H4 ligandresearch_0525__mat__m_lig_h4Powder · Model System · Modelfree tetra-acid ligand control for CV and I-VS3-S4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
TTFTC-Me4 ligandresearch_0525__mat__m_lig_me4Powder · Model System · Modelfree ester ligand control for CV and I-VS3-S4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
Na-MOF 1-oxresearch_0525__mat__m_naPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkbrown crystalline bulk material; intrinsically aerobically oxidized/mixed-valent from synthesisS4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
Rb-MOF 3research_0525__mat__m_rbPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkfreshly prepared orange crystalline bulk materialS4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization
Rb-MOF 3-oxresearch_0525__mat__m_rbPowder · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkaerobically oxidized black crystalline powder after air exposureS4 · Material Synthesis and Characterization