Sensing Application — Novel 2D CuFe-MOF-based immunoprobe: Addressing antifouling electrochemical immunosensing inadequate sensitivity challenge

5 measurement groups · 55 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Clinical serum SCCA comparison against electrochemiluminescence reference method

GCE-Gel-Ab1-Antigen-Probe immunosensor · Electrode

Four real human serum samples measured by ECL as reference and by the designed CuFe-MOF immunosensor; proposed method reports n=4 with RSD and relative error.

Atmosphere: real human serum dilution
Geometry: GCE immunosensor
Context: complete CuFe-MOF immunoprobe/hydrogel immunosensor
Measurement source: 7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Correlation with ECL reference methodMarked as a best value within this paper	r2 = 0.9994	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.9 Application of the immunosensor in real samples · Fig. S6; Table S1
Clinical serum sample 1 ECL reference SCCA concentration	0.49 ng mL-1	0.49 ng mL-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 1 proposed immunosensor SCCA concentration	0.47 ng mL-1	0.47 ng mL-1	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 1 proposed versus ECL relative error	-4.08%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 1 proposed immunosensor RSD	9.02%	—	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 2 ECL reference SCCA concentration	1.40 ng mL-1	1.4 ng mL-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 2 proposed immunosensor SCCA concentration	1.35 ng mL-1	1.35 ng mL-1	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 2 proposed versus ECL relative error	-3.57%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 2 proposed immunosensor RSD	2.99%	—	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 3 ECL reference SCCA concentration	14.46 ng mL-1	14.46 ng mL-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 3 proposed immunosensor SCCA concentration	14.55 ng mL-1	14.55 ng mL-1	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 3 proposed versus ECL relative errorMarked as a best value within this paper	0.62%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 3 proposed immunosensor RSD	0.90%	—	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 4 ECL reference SCCA concentration	39.66 ng mL-1	39.66 ng mL-1	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 4 proposed immunosensor SCCA concentration	40.60 ng mL-1	40.6 ng mL-1	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 4 proposed versus ECL relative error	2.37%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1
Clinical serum sample 4 proposed immunosensor RSD	1.76%	—	n=4	SI Table Exact Reported	7 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Table S1

Optimisation of thionine concentration, antigen incubation and H2O2 concentration

GCE-Gel-Ab1-Antigen-Probe immunosensor · Electrode

Optimised signal substance, incubation time and hydrogen peroxide addition.

Geometry: GCE immunosensor
Context: complete CuFe-MOF immunoprobe/hydrogel immunosensor
Measurement source: 7 · 3.6 Optimization of immunosensor conditions · Fig. S5

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Optimal antigen incubation timeMarked as a best value within this paper	30 min	0.5 h	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.6 Optimization · Fig. S5B
Optimal hydrogen peroxide concentrationMarked as a best value within this paper	5 mmol L-1	5 mM	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.6 Optimization · Fig. S5C
Optimal hydrogel volume on GCEMarked as a best value within this paper	approximately 10 uL	0.01 mL	visual maximum in Fig. S7 bar plot	Visual Estimate Approximate	6 · 1.4 Supplementary Figures · Fig. S7
Optimal thionine concentrationMarked as a best value within this paper	1 mg mL-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.6 Optimization · Fig. S5A

Serum recovery test

GCE-Gel-Ab1-Antigen-Probe immunosensor · Electrode

Human serum diluted 1 mL serum + 9 mL PBS, spiked with SCCA and measured by proposed immunosensor; n=3.

Atmosphere: real human serum dilution
Geometry: GCE immunosensor
Context: complete CuFe-MOF immunoprobe/hydrogel immunosensor
Measurement source: 8 · 3.9 Application of the immunosensor in real samples · Table 2

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Serum recovery detection content, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 10 ng mL-1	20.65 ng mL-1	20.65 ng mL-1	n=3; recovery 106.5%; RSD 2.54%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery percent, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 10 ng mL-1Marked as a best value within this paper	106.5%	—	detected 20.65 ng mL-1; RSD 2.54%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery RSD, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 10 ng mL-1	2.54%	—	n=3	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery detection content, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 40 ng mL-1	48.14 ng mL-1	48.14 ng mL-1	n=3; recovery 95.4%; RSD 9.78%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery percent, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 40 ng mL-1	95.4%	—	detected 48.14 ng mL-1; RSD 9.78%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery RSD, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 40 ng mL-1	9.78%	—	n=3	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery detection content, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 5 ng mL-1	14.69 ng mL-1	14.69 ng mL-1	n=3; recovery 93.7%; RSD 6.39%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery percent, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 5 ng mL-1	93.7%	—	detected 14.69 ng mL-1; RSD 6.39%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery RSD, base 10 ng mL-1 plus 5 ng mL-1	6.39%	—	n=3	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery detection content, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 1 ng mL-1	2.01 ng mL-1	2.01 ng mL-1	n=3; RSD 5.51%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery percent, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 1 ng mL-1	100.7%	—	RSD 5.51%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery RSD, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 1 ng mL-1	5.51%	—	n=3	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery detection content, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 4 ng mL-1	5.11 ng mL-1	5.11 ng mL-1	n=3; recovery 102.7%; RSD 4.87%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery percent, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 4 ng mL-1	102.7%	—	detected 5.11 ng mL-1; RSD 4.87%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery RSD, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 4 ng mL-1	4.87%	—	n=3	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery detection content, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 9 ng mL-1	9.71 ng mL-1	9.71 ng mL-1	n=3; recovery 96.8%; RSD 1.73%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery percent, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 9 ng mL-1	96.8%	—	detected 9.71 ng mL-1; RSD 1.73%	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Serum recovery RSD, base 1 ng mL-1 plus 9 ng mL-1	1.73%	—	n=3	Table Exact Reported	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2
Overall serum recovery range	93.7% to 106.5%	—	—	Text Range	8 · 3.9 Application · Table 2

SWV reproducibility, stability and specificity tests

Voltammetry

GCE-Gel-Ab1-Antigen-Probe immunosensor · Electrode

Five same-batch electrodes; weekly stability for 7 weeks; interferents CA19-9, IgG, PSA, CEA and NSE.

Geometry: GCE immunosensor
Context: complete CuFe-MOF immunoprobe/hydrogel immunosensor
Measurement source: 7 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5C-E

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Reproducibility RSDMarked as a best value within this paper	2.17%	—	5 electrodes	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5C
Reproducibility signal deviation range for five electrodes	-2.86% to 2.74%	—	—	Figure Axis Range	6 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5C
Specificity interferent concentration	100 ng mL-1	100 ng mL-1	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5E
Interferent-only signal deviation range	approximately -2.25% to 0.71%	—	visual estimate from printed labels	Visual Estimate Range	6 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5E
Mixture signal deviation rate in specificity test	-60.72%	—	printed label in Fig. 5E	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	6 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5E
Specificity target versus interferents p-value	P < 0.001	—	—	Text Range	7 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5E
SCCA signal deviation rate in specificity testMarked as a best value within this paper	-59.41%	—	printed label in Fig. 5E	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	6 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5E
Seven-week stability signal deviation rangeMarked as a best value within this paper	approximately -0.13% to 0.19%	—	small printed labels in Fig. 5D	Visual Estimate Range	6 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5D
Stability test duration	7 weeks	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.8 Reproducibility, stability, and specificity · Fig. 5D

Square wave voltammetry (SWV)

Voltammetry

GCE-Gel-Ab1-Antigen-Probe immunosensor · Electrode

SWV from -0.5 to 0 V versus Ag/AgCl after SCCA immunorecognition and H2O2 cascade reaction.

Atmosphere: PBS pH 7.4; serum samples for application test
Geometry: three-electrode GCE system
Context: complete CuFe-MOF immunoprobe/hydrogel immunosensor
Measurement source: 7 · 3.7 Analytical performance of immunosensor · Fig. 5A,B; Table 1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
SWV calibration intercept	I = 46.51 - 9.7 lgC	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.7 Analytical performance · Fig. 5B
SWV calibration slope versus log10 concentration	-9.7	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.7 Analytical performance · Fig. 5B
SCCA linear range upper bound	100 ng mL-1	100 ng mL-1	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.7 Analytical performance · Fig. 5A; Table 1
SCCA linear range lower bound	100 fg mL-1	0.0001 ng mL-1	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.7 Analytical performance · Fig. 5A; Table 1
SCCA limit of detectionMarked as a best value within this paper	2.6 fg mL-1	0.0026 pg mL-1	S/N = 3	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.7 Analytical performance · Table 1; Fig. 5B
SWV calibration R2Marked as a best value within this paper	R2 = 0.9997	—	—	Text Exact Reported	7 · 3.7 Analytical performance · Fig. 5B