Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

Beyond diffusion: ion and electron migration contribute to charge transport in redox-conducting metal-organic frameworks

Johnson B.A., Castner A.T., Agarwala H. et al. · Chemical Science · 2025 · 5214-5222

3materials
5samples
1synthesis routes
9measurements
36results
5claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: Medium

The Zn(NDI)@FTO thin films are assigned to the reported Zn(NDI) phase by SEM thickness/morphology and PXRD peaks at 5.1 and 10.3 degrees.

Caveat: The full synthesis/structure recipe is inherited from previous reports; no CIF is assigned in this extraction package.

p025 / SI page S25 · Figures · Figure S4 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

The [Co(bpy)3]3+ / reduced-NDI cross reaction is fast enough on the diffusion timescale to satisfy the assumptions of the steady-state analytical model.

Caveat: Marcus estimate uses approximations including f12 near unity and work-term cancellation.

p019 / SI page S19 · 4.2.2 Marcus theory and DFT calculations · Linked to 4 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

When mobile ion concentration is low relative to redox-active linker concentration, an electric field develops in the film and migration enhances the electron-hopping flux/current rather than merely limiting it.

Caveat: The 1.5-fold enhancement is an asymptotic low-ion model limit; the experimental beta value is 0.5.

p006 / journal page 5219 · Results and discussion · Fig. 3 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Steady-state catalytic CV with a freely diffusing acceptor minimises net counterion flux and better isolates the intrinsic electron-hopping diffusion coefficient De of Zn(NDI) films.

Caveat: The extracted De can still be influenced by microscopic effects such as solvation, ion pairing and ion-coupled electron transfer.

p008 / journal page 5221 · Conclusion · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Transient potential-step Cottrell analysis overestimates the electron-hopping diffusion coefficient because ion diffusion-migration and electric-field effects contribute to the measured current.

Caveat: Magnitude of overestimation depends on ion diffusivity and bulk ion-to-linker concentration ratios.

p007 / journal page 5220 · Results and discussion · Linked to 3 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
1D planar redox-film Poisson-Nernst-Planck modelmodelNDI/NDI radical anion redox sites represented as P/Q1D · Model SystemAnalytical reaction-diffusion-migration model for a planar redox film with immobilised redox species and mobile acceptor/counterions.p005 / SI page S5 · 3.2 Steady-state catalytic mechanism
[Co(bpy)3]3+ / [Co(bpy)3]2+[Co(bpy)3]3+ / [Co(bpy)3]2+Co coordination complex · 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands0D · Model SystemFreely diffusing molecular electron acceptor/product used to impose steady-state catalytic conditions in Zn(NDI) films.p003 / journal page 5216 · Results and discussion · Fig. 1d
Zn(NDI)Zn(NDI)tetrahedral Zn nodes · naphthalenediimide dipyrazolate linker (NDI)3D · PristineZn-based redox-conducting MOF with ca. 16 A wide 1D channels; thin films on FTO assigned by matching PXRD peaks and SEM morphology.p003 / journal page 5216 · Results and discussion · Fig. 1c

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 5 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
bare FTO control electroderesearch_0667__mat__mat_zn_ndiElectrode · Pristine Control · Unknownbare FTO working electrode in 0.5 M LiClO4/DMF with [Co(bpy)3]3+bare FTOp027 / SI page S27 · Figures · Figure S8
DFT molecular redox modelsresearch_0667__mat__mat_co_bpy_acceptorModel · Model System · ModelDFT-optimised NDI, NDI radical anion, [Co(bpy)3]3+ and [Co(bpy)3]2+ in DMF COSMOp020 / SI page S20 · 4.2.3 DFT computational details
[Co(bpy)3]3+ on glassy carbonresearch_0667__mat__mat_co_bpy_acceptorElectrode · Model System · Model3 mM [Co(bpy)3]3+ in 0.5 M LiClO4/DMF0.071 cm2 glassy carbon disk working electrodep028 / SI page S28 · Figures · Figure S9
analytical planar redox-film modelresearch_0667__mat__mat_analytical_modelModel · Model System · ModelPoisson-Nernst-Planck / reaction-diffusion model with NDI linker P/Q, [Co(bpy)3]3+ acceptor and mobile counterions1D planar film boundary at conducting electrode and film-solution interface · df = 1 um used for simulationsp010 / SI page S10 · 3.4 Derivation of steady-state current response with electromigration
Zn(NDI)@FTO thin filmresearch_0667__mat__mat_zn_ndiThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMOF thin film on FTO, cycled in 0.5 M LiClO4/DMF at 50 mV s-1 until current stabilised before measurementfluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), 7 ohm/sq · approximately 1 ump003 / SI page S3 · Materials and methods