Sun J., Han D., Dong R. et al. · Energy and Fuels · 2024 · 7322-7330
Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.
Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.
A-PVDF-NS@Nafion reaches nearly Nafion-level proton conductivity at 80 C and 100% RH while maintaining lower water uptake and reduced swelling.
Caveat: Water uptake and swelling absolute values were read from plots; the reduction percentage is text-reported.
p007 / journal page 7328 · 4. Conclusions · Linked to 5 structured results
MOF growth improves transport but high-pressure/high-temperature synthesis can weaken cross-linked PVDF fibers, lowering tensile strength relative to A-PVDF@Nafion.
Caveat: Mechanical data are membrane-level tensile measurements; fibre weakening is the authors' interpretation.
p007 / journal page 7328 · 3.2 Characterization of PVDF/UIO@Nafion · Table 1 · Linked to 3 structured results
UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-66-NH2-SO3H were successfully grown on aminated PVDF fibers, as supported by SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS.
Caveat: No porosity/BET or isolated MOF loading percentage is reported in the main text; UiO-66-NH2-SO3H loading is qualitatively lower.
p005 / journal page 7326 · 3.1 Characterization of PVDF/UIO · Figure 3 · Linked to 6 structured results
The three-dimensional entangled PVDF fiber network and MOF/Nafion interactions restrict membrane swelling and improve dimensional stability.
Caveat: The structure-property link is argued from morphology and swelling comparisons rather than a direct mechanical model.
p006 / journal page 7327 · 3.2 Characterization of PVDF/UIO@Nafion · Figure 6 · Linked to 4 structured results
MOF -NH2 groups combine with Nafion -SO3H groups to form acid-base pairs and additional hydrated pathways, promoting Grotthuss proton transport in the composite membrane.
Caveat: Mechanism is inferred from functional-group chemistry, IEC/conductivity trends, and literature analogy; no direct proton hopping spectroscopy is provided.
p006 / journal page 7327 · 3.2 Characterization of PVDF/UIO@Nafion · Figure 5 · Linked to 5 structured results
Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.
| Material | Composition | Structure context | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| A-PVDF-N@Nafion NFPEM | aminated PVDF/UiO-66-NH2 nanofibers in Nafion matrixZr-UiO-66-NH2 component · BDC-NH2 in UiO; Nafion sulfonate side chains; PVDF support | 3D · CompositeMOF-loaded nanofiber proton exchange membrane made from aminated PVDF/UiO-66-NH2 and Nafion. | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs |
| A-PVDF@Nafion NFPEM | aminated PVDF nanofibers in Nafion matrix | unknown · CompositeAminated-PVDF/Nafion composite membrane control without MOF. | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs |
| A-PVDF-NS@Nafion NFPEM | aminated PVDF/UiO-66-NH2-SO3H nanofibers in Nafion matrixZr-UiO-66-NH2-SO3H component · BDC-NH2 and BDC-SO3H in UiO; Nafion sulfonate side chains; PVDF support | 3D · CompositeMOF-loaded nanofiber proton exchange membrane made from aminated PVDF/UiO-66-NH2-SO3H and Nafion. | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs |
| Aminated PVDF nanofiber membrane | PVDF modified with ethylenediamine-derived -NH2 groups | unknown · UnknownAmidation/cross-linked PVDF with surface -NH2 groups serving as UiO nucleation sites. | p002 / journal page 7323 · Introduction |
| Nafion membrane | sulfonated perfluoropolymer (Nafion) | unknown · UnknownCommercial proton-conducting polymer control membrane. | p005 / journal page 7326 · 3.2 Characterization of PVDF/UIO@Nafion · Figure 5 |
| PVDF@Nafion NFPEM | PVDF nanofibers in Nafion matrix | unknown · CompositeComposite proton exchange membrane control without aminated PVDF or MOF. | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs · Figure 1 |
| PVDF nanofiber membrane | poly(vinylidene fluoride) | unknown · UnknownElectrospun polymer nanofiber membrane used as the base substrate and proton-poor control component. | p002 / journal page 7323 · Introduction |
| UiO-66-NH2 grown on aminated PVDF nanofibers | Zr-UiO-66-NH2 (UiO-66 amine-functionalised framework)Zr4+ nodes from ZrCl4 · 2-aminoterephthalic acid (BDC-NH2) | 3D · CompositeUiO phase assigned by XRD peaks at 7.27, 8.37, 11.98, 16.98, 22.13, 25.62, and 30.60 degree 2theta, matching UiO crystallographic planes. | p004 / journal page 7325 · 3.1 Characterization of PVDF/UIO · Figure 3a |
| UiO-66-NH2-SO3H grown on aminated PVDF nanofibers | Zr-UiO-66 mixed-linker NH2/SO3H frameworkZr4+ nodes from ZrCl4 · BDC-NH2 and BDC-SO3H mixed ligands | 3D · CompositeUiO phase assigned by XRD; FTIR/XPS identify amine and sulfonate groups. Lower loading/intensity than UiO-66-NH2 is reported. | p004 / journal page 7325 · 3.1 Characterization of PVDF/UIO · Figure 3 |
Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.
| Sample | Form and role | Processing and geometry | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| A-PVDF-N@Nafionresearch_0674__mat__mat_a_pvdf_n_nafion | Thin Film · Target Sample · Composite | aminated PVDF/UiO-66-NH2 nanofiber/Nafion composite; nanofibers controlled to 5 wt%; acid activatedPTFE casting mould | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs · Figures 4-6, Table 1 |
| A-PVDF@Nafionresearch_0674__mat__mat_a_pvdf_nafion | Thin Film · Pristine Control · Composite | aminated PVDF nanofiber/Nafion composite; nanofibers controlled to 5 wt%; acid activatedPTFE casting mould | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs · Figures 4-6, Table 1 |
| ammoniated PVDF NFMresearch_0674__mat__mat_aminated_pvdf | Thin Film · Pristine Control · Doped | PVDF NFM treated in 25 vol% ethylenediamine at 150 C for 20 h | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.1 Preparation of Ammoniated PVDF NFMs · Figure 2b |
| A-PVDF-NS@Nafionresearch_0674__mat__mat_a_pvdf_ns_nafion | Thin Film · Target Sample · Composite | aminated PVDF/UiO-66-NH2-SO3H nanofiber/Nafion composite; nanofibers controlled to 5 wt%; acid activatedPTFE casting mould | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs · Figures 4-6, Table 1 |
| Nafionresearch_0674__mat__mat_nafion | Thin Film · Pristine Control · Unknown | benchmark Nafion membrane/control | p005 / journal page 7326 · 3.2 Characterization of PVDF/UIO@Nafion · Figures 5-7, Table 1 |
| PVDF@Nafionresearch_0674__mat__mat_pvdf_nafion | Thin Film · Pristine Control · Composite | PVDF nanofiber/Nafion composite; nanofibers controlled to 5 wt%; acid activatedPTFE casting mould | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/UiO@Nafion NFPEMs · Figures 4-6, Table 1 |
| PVDF NFMresearch_0674__mat__mat_pvdf_polymer | Thin Film · Pristine Control · Unknown | electrospun PVDF nanofiber membrane; dried at 60 C for 12 h | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.1 Preparation of Ammoniated PVDF NFMs · Figure 2a |
| PVDF/UiO-66-NH2 NFMresearch_0674__mat__mat_uio_66_nh2 | Thin Film · Composite Component · Composite | UiO-66-NH2 grown in situ on aminated PVDF fibersaminated PVDF nanofiber membrane | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.2 Preparation of PVDF/UiO NFMs · Figure 2c |
| PVDF/UiO-66-NH2-SO3H NFMresearch_0674__mat__mat_uio_66_nh2_so3h | Thin Film · Composite Component · Composite | UiO-66-NH2-SO3H grown in situ on aminated PVDF fibersaminated PVDF nanofiber membrane | p003 / journal page 7324 · 2.2.2 Preparation of PVDF/UiO NFMs · Figure 2d |