Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

In-situ growth of high-crystallinity M3(hexaaminotriphenylene)2 (M = Co, Ni) thin film for field-effect transistor-based glucose biosensor

Tan P., Shen S., Luo Y. et al. · Chinese Chemical Letters · 2026 · 111636

3materials
11samples
6synthesis routes
20measurements
67results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

The bimetallic Co/Ni-HITP-GA-GOX-FET outperforms monometallic and water-phase controls, reaching 10 nmol/L to 10 mmol/L detection and 39 uA (mol/L)^-1 mm^-2 sensitivity.

Caveat: Comparison-table values for this-work detection range were verified in the rendered SI; prior-literature rows are treated as contextual rather than first-hand results.

5 · Summary · Fig. 5; Fig. S5; Table S1 · Linked to 8 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: High

The Co/Ni-HITP-GA-GOX-FET is presently mainly considered for one-time detection because response declines after longer storage/washing.

Caveat: The exact Fig. S6 traces could not be re-read from rendered SI images, but the main text reports summary values.

5 · Glucose sensing performance · Fig. S6 · Linked to 4 structured results

Composite RoleSupport assessment: High

GOX modification is required for significant glucose response; pristine Co/Ni-HITP-FET and GA-only controls do not respond significantly.

Caveat: Quantitative control currents are only available from figures; provided text describes the controls qualitatively.

5 · Glucose sensing performance · Fig. 5b-d · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Opposite Co 2p and Ni 2p binding-energy shifts indicate electron transfer/coupling between Co and Ni through the HITP aromatic ligand.

Caveat: The electron-transfer direction is based on XPS binding-energy shifts and the authors' interpretation.

3 · Results · Fig. 3c-d · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

DMF competes with HITP for metal-ion coordination, slows MOF nucleation, and enables high-crystallinity Co/Ni-HITP film growth on the substrate.

Caveat: Direct mechanistic evidence is inferred from XRD, TGA-MS and morphology comparisons rather than in-situ spectroscopy.

2 · Results · Fig. 1c-e · Linked to 7 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

For the p-type Co/Ni-HITP-GA-GOX-FET, enzymatically generated electrons reduce hole-carrier concentration, decrease channel conductivity, and produce a downward drain-current response.

Caveat: Mechanism is consistent with transfer behaviour and sensing response but not independently quantified by carrier-density measurements.

5 · Glucose sensing performance · Fig. 5a · Linked to 2 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Co-HITPBrowse family: Co₃(HITP)₂ / Co–HITPCo3(HITP)2Co2+ centres · HITP2D · PristineMonometallic Co-HITP conductive MOF control; DMF and aqueous films appear in SI controls.Supporting information captions · Fig. S3
Co/Ni-HITPBrowse family: Co/Ni–HITP familyM3(HITP)2, M = Co, NiCo and Ni bimetallic centres · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotriphenylene (HITP)2D · PristineBimetallic conductive HITP MOF thin film; XRD peaks attributed to M3(HITP)2 with nanosheet film morphology.1 · Abstract
Ni-HITPBrowse family: Ni₃(HITP)₂ / Ni–HITPNi3(HITP)2Ni2+ centres · HITP2D · PristineMonometallic Ni-HITP conductive MOF control with characteristic XRD peaks at 4.8, 9.2 and 27.1 deg.2 · Results · Fig. 1d

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 11 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Co-HITP filmresearch_0728__mat__m_co_hitpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkCo-HITP control films prepared in DMF or aqueous solutionmembrane/film substrate not specified in main textSupporting information captions · Fig. S3
Co-HITP-GA-GOX-FET sensorresearch_0728__mat__m_co_hitpElectrode · Pristine Control · CompositeCo-HITP sensor fabricated by the same GA/GOX modification methodFET substrate, exact control substrate not fully specified5 · Glucose sensing performance · Fig. S5b
Co/Ni-HITP (DMF) thin filmresearch_0728__mat__m_coni_hitpThin Film · Target Sample · Mixed Metalin-situ grown at liquid-solid interface from DMF/water mixed solvent; vacuum dried at 100 deg C for 2 hSiO2/Si wafer with Au interdigital source-drain electrodes · sheet-like bottom film about 49.25 nm; overall roughness about 331 nm; Au electrode about 41 nm2 · Results · Figs. 1b, 2g-h
Co/Ni-HITP-FET sensor without modificationresearch_0728__mat__m_coni_hitpElectrode · Pristine Control · Mixed MetalCo/Ni-HITP channel on FET before GA or GOX modificationSiO2/Si with Au interdigital electrodes · MOF bottom film about 49.25 nm; Au electrode about 41 nm5 · Glucose sensing performance · Fig. 5b
Co/Ni-HITP-GA-FET sensorresearch_0728__mat__m_coni_hitpElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeCo/Ni-HITP-FET modified with glutaraldehyde onlySiO2/Si with Au interdigital electrodes5 · Glucose sensing performance · Fig. 5c
Co/Ni-HITP-GA-GOX-FET sensorresearch_0728__mat__m_coni_hitpElectrode · Composite Sample · CompositeCo/Ni-HITP-FET sequentially modified with GA and glucose oxidaseSiO2/Si with Au interdigital electrodes and Co/Ni-HITP channel3 · Results · Fig. 4
Co/Ni-HITP (water) thin filmresearch_0728__mat__m_coni_hitpThin Film · Pristine Control · Mixed Metalprepared in aqueous solutiondevice substrate, exact control substrate not fully specified2 · Results · Figs. 1d, 2d
Co/Ni-HITP (water)-GA-GOX-FET sensorresearch_0728__mat__m_coni_hitpElectrode · Pristine Control · Compositewater-phase Co/Ni-HITP sensor modified with GA/GOXFET substrate, exact control substrate not fully specifiedSupporting information captions · Fig. S5c
Ni-HITP filmresearch_0728__mat__m_ni_hitpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine Frameworkmonometallic Ni-HITP controlmembrane/film substrate not specified in main text3 · Results · Fig. 3b,d
Ni-HITP-GA-GOX-FET sensorresearch_0728__mat__m_ni_hitpElectrode · Pristine Control · CompositeNi-HITP sensor fabricated by the same GA/GOX modification methodFET substrate, exact control substrate not fully specified5 · Glucose sensing performance · Fig. S5a
Ni-HITP (water) thin filmresearch_0728__mat__m_ni_hitpThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine Frameworkprepared in aqueous solutiondevice substrate, exact control substrate not fully specified2 · Results · Fig. 1d