Primary studyCore evidenceSynthesis Structure

From non-conductive MOF to proton-conducting metal-HOFs: a new class of reversible transformations induced by solvent-free mechanochemistry

Lupa-Myszkowska M., Oszajca M., Matoga D. · Chemical Science · 2023 · 14176-14181

4materials
6samples
4synthesis routes
19measurements
88results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

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Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

CaveatSupport assessment: High

Conventional solution and de novo trials did not form Mn-HOF-MA or Mn-HOF-FA, supporting the requirement for mechanochemical grinding.

Caveat: Control experiments were screened by IR/PXRD rather than isolated-product analysis.

p005 · Control experiments · Figures S10-S12

CaveatSupport assessment: High

After EIS at elevated temperature and humidity, IR spectra and water sorption remain essentially unchanged, and SEM-EDX indicates retained morphology and homogeneous elemental dispersion.

Caveat: PXRD showed transient new reflections after EIS at high RH, which practically disappeared after a water vapour adsorption-desorption cycle.

p005 · Proton conductive properties · Figures S33-S46 · Linked to 1 structured result

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

Solvent-free/liquid-assisted mechanochemistry converts non-conductive JUK-1 into proton-conducting Mn-HOF-MA and Mn-HOF-FA by breaking Mn-carboxylate coordination links and forming extended hydrogen-bonded networks.

Caveat: The JUK-1 and JUK-2 precursor recipes are cited from earlier literature and not fully reproduced in this SI.

p003 · Structural details of solid-state reactions · Fig. 2 · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

The solid-state Mn-HOF formations are reversible: Mn-HOF-MA and Mn-HOF-FA return to JUK-1 after immersion in ethanol.

Caveat: Reversibility is evidenced by PXRD after ethanol treatment.

p003 · Postsynthetic modification and physicochemical characterization · Fig. S13

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Relative humidity strongly increases proton conductivity, indicating that ions are the primary charge carriers.

Caveat: Mn-HOF-MA and JUK-2 were not measured at 75% RH because of deliquescence.

p004 · Proton conductive properties · Fig. 3, Table S6 · Linked to 5 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Arrhenius activation energies are interpreted as mainly indicating a humidity-independent vehicle mechanism involving diffusion of formamidinium and methylammonium cations.

Caveat: The authors also infer possible pressure/temperature/humidity-induced MHOF phase transitions from two-slope Arrhenius behaviour.

p004 · Proton conductive properties · Fig. S31 · Linked to 3 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
JUK-1{[Mn2(ina)4(H2O)2].2EtOH}nDinuclear Mn2 nodes in the parent layered MOF · Isonicotinate (ina)2D · PristineLayered non-conductive metal-organic framework used as the precursor for postsynthetic mechanochemical conversion.p002 · Introduction
JUK-2{(NH4)2[Mn(ina)2(NCS)2].xH2O}nMn coordination polymer nodes · Isonicotinate, thiocyanate and ammonium cations2D · PristineRelated proton-conducting coordination polymer formed from JUK-1 with NH4SCN in prior work and measured here as a comparison material.p002 · Introduction
Mn-HOF-FA{(CH(NH2)2)2[Mn(ina)2(NCS)2(H2O)2].xH2O}nMononuclear Mn centres with coordinated NCS- and aqua ligands · Isonicotinate, thiocyanate ligands and formamidinium cations in the hydrogen-bonded network3D · Pristine3D metal hydrogen-bonded organic framework in which hydrogen bonds interconnect formamidinium cations and [Mn(ina)2(NCS)2(H2O)2]2- complexes.p004 · Structural details of solid-state reactions
Mn-HOF-MA{(CH3NH3)2[Mn(ina)2(NCS)2(H2O)2].xH2O}nMononuclear Mn centres with coordinated NCS- and aqua ligands · Isonicotinate, thiocyanate ligands and methylammonium cations in the hydrogen-bonded network3D · PristineMetal hydrogen-bonded organic framework with intra- and inter-hydrogen-bonded layers; obtained by cleavage of Mn-carboxylate coordination links in JUK-1.p003 · Postsynthetic modification and physicochemical characterization

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 6 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
JUK-1 as-synthesized powderresearch_0771__mat__juk1Powder · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkAs-synthesized parent MOF powderp004 · Synthetic procedures
JUK-2 pellet for EISresearch_0771__mat__juk2Pellet · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkComparison material pellet preconditioned for EISp004 · Proton conductive properties
Mn-HOF-FA pellet for EISresearch_0771__mat__mn_hof_faPellet · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkApprox. 30 mg preconditioned at RH then pressed between two platinum electrodesp005-p006 · Samples preparation for EIS measurements; Details of physical measurements
Mn-HOF-FA powderresearch_0771__mat__mn_hof_faPowder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMechanochemically ground JUK-1 with formamidinium thiocyanatep004 · Synthesis of Mn-HOF-FA
Mn-HOF-MA pellet for EISresearch_0771__mat__mn_hof_maPellet · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkApprox. 30 mg preconditioned at RH then pressed between two platinum electrodesp005-p006 · Samples preparation for EIS measurements; Details of physical measurements
Mn-HOF-MA powderresearch_0771__mat__mn_hof_maPowder · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkMechanochemically ground JUK-1 with methylammonium thiocyanatep004 · Synthesis of Mn-HOF-MA