Electrochemistry Application — Interconnected Lamellar 3D Semiconductive PCP for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc Battery Cathodes

5 measurement groups · 38 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Cyclic voltammetry kinetic analysis

Voltammetry

VO-HHTP 80 wt% composite cathode · Electrode

CV at scan rates 0.4-1.8 mV s-1; b-value and non-diffusion-controlled contribution analysis.

Atmosphere: aqueous Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte
Geometry: zinc battery cathode
Context: 80 wt% VO-HHTP composite cathode
Measurement source: p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4d-f; Figure S17

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
b value for peak AO	b = 0.82	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	SI p.8 / rendered p009 · Supporting figures · Figure S17
b value for peak AR	b = 0.89	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	SI p.8 / rendered p009 · Supporting figures · Figure S17
b value for peak BO	b = 0.77	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	SI p.8 / rendered p009 · Supporting figures · Figure S17
b value for peak BR	b = 0.71	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	SI p.8 / rendered p009 · Supporting figures · Figure S17
k1(px) example at 1.16 V	0.729	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	SI p.18 / rendered p019 · Supporting discussion 3 · Figure S25
Linear-fit r2 for k1 example	0.999	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	SI p.18 / rendered p019 · Supporting discussion 3 · Figure S25
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 0.4 mV s-1	58.4% at 0.4 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 0.6 mV s-1	62.3% at 0.6 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 0.8 mV s-1	65.5% at 0.8 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.0 mV s-1	67.9% at 1.0 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.2 mV s-1	70.3% at 1.2 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.4 mV s-1	72.0% at 1.4 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.6 mV s-1	73.6% at 1.6 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f
Non-diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.8 mV s-1	74.3% at 1.8 mV s-1	—	—	Figure Axis Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4f

Long-term galvanostatic cycling stability

Galvanostatic cycling

VO-HHTP 80 wt% composite cathode · Electrode

80 wt% VO-HHTP cathode cycled at 2 A g-1 for 1000 cycles.

Atmosphere: aqueous Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte
Geometry: zinc battery cathode
Context: 80 wt% VO-HHTP composite cathode
Measurement source: p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4c; Table S5

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Capacity retention after 1000 cyclesMarked as a best value within this paper	74%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4c; Table S5
Capacity retention after 500 cycles	81%	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4c; Table S5
Cycling current density	2 A g-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4c

Galvanostatic discharge/charge in aqueous Zn cell

Galvanostatic cycling

VO-HHTP 50 wt% composite cathode · Electrode

Two-electrode PFA Swagelok cells, zinc foil anode, 3 mol kg-1 Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte; current densities 0.05-8 A g-1.

Atmosphere: aqueous electrolyte
Geometry: Zn | 3 mol kg-1 Zn(OTf)2 | VO-HHTP cathode
Context: 50 wt% VO-HHTP composite cathode
Measurement source: p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4a; Figure S14

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Maximum stable discharge capacity at 0.05 A g-1Marked as a best value within this paper	240 mAh g-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4a
Discharge capacity at 8 A g-1	105 mAh g-1	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4a
Capacity retention at 8 A g-1 vs 0.05 A g-1	approximately 44%	—	—	Text Approximate	p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4a
High-voltage charge plateau	1.03 V vs Zn/Zn2+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure S14
High-voltage discharge plateau	0.94 V vs Zn/Zn2+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure S14
Low-voltage charge plateau	0.70 V vs Zn/Zn2+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure S14
Low-voltage discharge plateau	0.59 V vs Zn/Zn2+	—	—	Text Rounded Reported	p.5 / article p.2411386-5 · Results and Discussion · Figure S14
VO-HHTP rate retention at 0.05 A g-1	100% at 0.05 A g-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	SI p.15 / rendered p016 · Supporting tables · Table S5
VO-HHTP rate retention at 0.5 A g-1	81% at 0.5 A g-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	SI p.15 / rendered p016 · Supporting tables · Table S5
VO-HHTP rate retention at 5 A g-1	54% at 5 A g-1	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	SI p.15 / rendered p016 · Supporting tables · Table S5

Galvanostatic discharge/charge rate testing

Galvanostatic cycling

VO-HHTP 80 wt% composite cathode · Electrode

Same zinc-cell geometry with 80 wt% VO-HHTP and 10 wt% conductive agent; rates 0.05-8 A g-1.

Atmosphere: aqueous electrolyte
Geometry: Zn | 3 mol kg-1 Zn(OTf)2 | VO-HHTP cathode
Context: 80 wt% VO-HHTP composite cathode
Measurement source: p.5-p.6 / article p.2411386-5 to 6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b; Figure S16

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Approximate 80 wt% discharge capacity at 0.05 A g-1	approximately 210 mAh g-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b
Approximate 80 wt% discharge capacity at 0.1 A g-1	approximately 190 mAh g-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b
Approximate 80 wt% discharge capacity at 0.5 A g-1	approximately 150 mAh g-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b
Approximate 80 wt% discharge capacity at 1.0 A g-1	approximately 130 mAh g-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b
Approximate 80 wt% discharge capacity at 2.0 A g-1	approximately 115 mAh g-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b
Approximate 80 wt% discharge capacity at 5.0 A g-1	approximately 90 mAh g-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b
Approximate 80 wt% discharge capacity at 8.0 A g-1	approximately 75 mAh g-1	—	—	Visual Estimate Approximate	p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b

In-situ EIS in T-shaped three-electrode PFA Swagelok cell

Impedance spectroscopy

VO-HHTP 80 wt% composite cathode · Electrode

VO-HHTP electrode at AR, BR, BO, AO states; additional SCE reference electrode; fitted with Randles circuit.

Atmosphere: aqueous Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte
Geometry: three-electrode zinc cell
Context: VO-HHTP composite electrode
Measurement source: p.6 / article p.2411386-6 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4g; Figure S18; Table S6

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Charge-transfer resistance at AO	18.71 Ohm	—	relative standard error 0.9789%	SI Table Exact Reported	SI p.15 / rendered p016 · Supporting tables · Table S6
Charge-transfer resistance at AR	23.5 Ohm	—	relative standard error 1.959%	SI Table Exact Reported	SI p.15 / rendered p016 · Supporting tables · Table S6
Charge-transfer resistance at BO	24.08 Ohm	—	relative standard error 1.037%	SI Table Exact Reported	SI p.15 / rendered p016 · Supporting tables · Table S6
Charge-transfer resistance at BR	36.94 Ohm	—	relative standard error 1.483%	SI Table Exact Reported	SI p.15 / rendered p016 · Supporting tables · Table S6