Electrochemistry Application — Self-Powered Disinfection Using Triboelectric, Conductive Wires of Metal-Organic Frameworks

8 measurement groups · 37 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

standard spread plating log-disinfection assay

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode · Electrode

Flow rate varied 1-60 mL/min at fixed regulated 1.2 V; 10 mM PBS pH 7.0; TENG rotation 100 rpm.

Atmosphere: ambient; N2 bubbled controls
Geometry: flow-through Cu-HHTP NW-Cu cathode / Cu mesh anode
Context: Composite target electrode and N2 electroporation-only control
Measurement source: 3094 · Results · Figure 3c

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
log removal at 50 mL/min and 1.2 VMarked as a best value within this paper	>6.0-log for all tested bacteria	—	—	Text Range	3094 · Results · Figure 3c; Figure S5
E. coli electroporation-only log removal at 50 mL/min	0.3-log	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3094 · Results · Figure 3c

standard spread plating log-disinfection assay

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode · Electrode

E. coli, B. subtilis and E. faecalis in 10 mM PBS pH 7.0; flow rate 10 mL/min; TENG rotation 100 rpm; regulated voltage 0.8-1.6 V.

Atmosphere: ambient; N2 bubbled controls
Geometry: flow-through Cu-HHTP NW-Cu cathode / Cu mesh anode
Context: Composite target electrode and controls
Measurement source: 3093-3094 · Results · Figure 3b; Figure S5

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
E. coli log removal at 1.0 V	1.5-log	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3093 · Results · Figure 3b
E. coli log removal at 1.2 VMarked as a best value within this paper	>6.0-log	—	—	Text Range	3093-3094 · Results · Figure 3b
E. coli electroporation-only log removal at 1.2 V	2.0-log	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3094 · Results · Figure 3b
B. subtilis and E. faecalis log removal at 1.0 V	<1.0-log	—	—	Text Range	3094 · Results · Figure 3b; Figure S5
B. subtilis and E. faecalis log removal at 1.2 VMarked as a best value within this paper	>6.0-log	—	—	Text Range	3094 · Results · Figure 3b; Figure S5
Gram-positive electroporation-only log removal at 1.2 V	1.7-log	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3094 · Results · Figure 3b; Figure S5

flow-through disinfection cell construction

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode · Electrode

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu cathode and inert Cu mesh anode, each 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm; regulated DC voltage 0.8-1.6 V; bacteria-containing water at 1-60 mL/min.

Atmosphere: ambient; N2 bubbled for selected controls
Geometry: parallel cathode/anode flow-through cell
Context: Composite Cu-HHTP NW-Cu working electrode
Measurement source: SI p003 · Device Construction · Figure 3a

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Lab-cell Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode area	2.0 cm x 2.0 cm	—	—	Text Exact Reported	SI p003 · Device Construction
Lab-cell flow-rate range	1-60 mL min^-1	—	—	Text Range	SI p003 · Device Construction

Ce(SO4)2 UV-vis H2O2 assay and Faradaic efficiency calculation

UV-visible and optical absorption spectroscopy

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode · Electrode

H2O2 concentration measured at 316 nm under regulated TENG DC output; 10 mM PBS pH 7.0 when stated.

Atmosphere: dissolved O2; N2 bubbled for inhibition controls
Geometry: Cu-HHTP NW-Cu cathode in flow-through electrochemical disinfection cell
Context: Composite Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode
Measurement source: SI p004 · Disinfection Mechanisms Investigation · Figure 4c; Figure S9

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
H2O2 concentration at 1.0 V	0.05 mM	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3094 · Results · Figure 4c
in situ H2O2 concentration at 1.2 V	0.12 mM	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3094 · Results · Figure 4c
H2O2 concentration at 1.4 VMarked as a best value within this paper	~0.24 mM	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	3093 · Figure · Figure 4c
B. subtilis log removal with N2 plus 0.1 mM H2O2	4.7-log	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3094 · Results · Figure 4d
E. coli log removal with N2 plus 0.1 mM H2O2	5.0-log	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3094 · Results · Figure 4d
H2O2 Faraday efficiency at 1.2 VMarked as a best value within this paper	>90%	—	—	Text Range	3094 · Results · Figure 4c
log removal with 0.1 mM H2O2 only and no voltage	<0.3-log	—	—	Text Range	3094 · Results · Figure 4d

PI membrane permeability assay, DCFH-DA ROS assay, CAT activity assay, SEM bacteria morphology, ESR

Electron paramagnetic resonance Scanning electron microscopy

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode · Electrode

Mechanism tests after EH2O2E or N2 electroporation-only disinfection; 10 mM PBS pH 7.0; fixed 100 rpm and 1.2 V where stated.

Atmosphere: ambient or N2 bubbled
Geometry: Cu-HHTP NW-Cu flow-through disinfection cell
Context: Composite target electrode
Measurement source: 3094-3095 · Results · Figure 4f-h; Figure S10

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
ESR DMPO-OH signal after disinfection	negligible quadruplet DMPO-OH peaks	—	—	Text Qualitative	3094 · Results · Figure S10
membrane permeability fold-change after EH2O2E	~10-fold	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	3093 · Figure · Figure 4f
electroporation-only pore size	~30 nm	—	—	Text Approximate	3095 · Results · Figure 4h
intracellular ROS fluorescence after EH2O2E	~1.8 a.u.	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	3093 · Figure · Figure 4g
IPA/BQ radical scavenger effect	no impact on disinfection efficiency	—	—	Text Qualitative	3094 · Results · Figure 4e

gravity-driven integrated TENG prototype disinfection test

Enlarged Cu-HHTP NW-Cu prototype electrode · Electrode

10 L tank; 15 cm x 15 cm enlarged electrode; PBS, river water and tap water; 5 L/min corresponding to about 300 rpm; continuous 300 L treatment.

Atmosphere: ambient
Geometry: gravity-fed prototype with commercial turbocharger-integrated TENG
Context: Scaled composite Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode
Measurement source: 3095 · Results · Figure 5

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
disinfection over humidity range	>6.0-log at 0-100% humidity	—	—	Text Range	3095 · Results · Figure S13
enlarged electrode dimensions	15 cm x 15 cm	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3095 · Results · Figure 5
prototype flow range with complete disinfectionMarked as a best value within this paper	0.2 to 5.0 L/min	—	—	Text Range	3095 · Results · Figure 5c,d
prototype low water-flow thresholdMarked as a best value within this paper	0.2 L/min; ~20 rpm	—	—	Text Approximate	3095-3096 · Results/Summary · Figure 5c
maximum disinfection fluxMarked as a best value within this paper	3.0 x 10^4 L/(m2 h)	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3096 · Summary
prototype complete inactivationMarked as a best value within this paper	>6.0-log	—	—	Text Range	3095 · Results · Figure 5d
prototype rotation speed at 5 L/min	~300 rpm	—	—	Text Approximate	3095 · Figure caption · Figure 5d
continuous treatment volumeMarked as a best value within this paper	300 L	—	—	Text Exact Reported	3095 · Results · Figure 5e,f

standard spread plating log-disinfection assay in real water

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode · Electrode

River and tap water dosed with bacteria; 50 mL/min at 1.2 V and 100 rpm; water characteristics in Table S1.

Atmosphere: ambient; N2 bubbled controls
Geometry: flow-through Cu-HHTP NW-Cu cathode / Cu mesh anode
Context: Composite target electrode
Measurement source: 3094 · Results · Figure 3d; Figure S6; Table S1

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
real-water log removal at 50 mL/minMarked as a best value within this paper	>6.0-log complete bacteria inactivation	—	—	Text Range	3094 · Results · Figure 3d; Figure S6
real-water N2 control disinfection	<1.5-log	—	—	Text Range	3094 · Results · Figure 3d; Figure S6

ICP-MS copper release, temperature monitoring, post-operation SEM/XRD

X-ray diffraction and scattering Scanning electron microscopy Bulk elemental and compositional analysis

Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode · Electrode

Cu2+ release measured by ICP-MS; temperature before/after EH2O2E operation; morphology and XRD before/after 300 L prototype treatment.

Atmosphere: ambient
Geometry: Cu-HHTP NW-Cu electrode during disinfection operation
Context: Composite target electrode
Measurement source: 3095 · Results · Figure 5e-h; Figure S11; Figure S12

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Cu2+ release after prototype operation in PBS	~29 ug/L	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	3095 · Figure · Figure 5h
Cu2+ release after prototype operation in river water	~34 ug/L	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	3095 · Figure · Figure 5h
Cu2+ release after prototype operation in tap water	~26 ug/L	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	3095 · Figure · Figure 5h
Cu2+ drinking-water reference standard	1000 ug L^-1	—	—	Caption Exact Reported	SI p017 · Figures · Figure S11
temperature change after 5 min EH2O2E at 50 mL/min	no meaningful increase; bars near 12-13 deg C	—	—	Figure Axis Approximate	SI p018 · Figures · Figure S12