Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

Ammonia-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Two-Dimensional Conjugated Coordination Polymer Thin Films

Liu J., Fu S., Fu Y. et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025 · 18190-18196

3materials
12samples
11synthesis routes
28measurements
60results
9claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Application RelevanceSupport assessment: High

Fe-HHB-w has higher modulus and hardness than Fe-HHB-o, Cu-HHB-w, Cu-BHT-w and reported traditional MOFs, supporting use in wear-resistant electronics.

Caveat: Mechanical comparison with literature MOFs depends on collected literature data in Figure S29.

SI p33 · Figure S29 discussion · Figure S29 · Linked to 6 structured results

CaveatSupport assessment: Medium

The conductivity improvement is not attributed to unintended NH3 doping because EDX detected no N in as-grown Fe-HHB-w, Cu-HHB-w and Cu-BHT-w, and post-treatment of Fe-HHB-o in NH3 did not improve conductivity.

Caveat: No numeric EDX detection limits are reported in the extracted text.

18191 and 18193 · Results and Discussion · Figures S4, S18, S23, S25 · Linked to 3 structured results

Phase AssignmentSupport assessment: High

Fe-HHB-w is assigned to a hexagonal Fe-HHB 2D Kagome lattice with AA stacking and face-on orientation.

Caveat: Structure assignment is based on GIWAXS, TEM/SAED/FFT and DFT modelling; no CIF was supplied.

18192 · Results and Discussion · Figures 3, S10-S15 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

NH3-assisted CVD greatly improves Fe-HHB crystallinity, increasing domain area by about two orders of magnitude and conductivity from about 0.002 to about 3 S/cm.

Caveat: Domain-size values are approximate and partly microscopy-derived.

18191-18192 · Abstract; Results and Discussion · Figures 1-3, S9 · Linked to 4 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

OPTP/Drude-Smith analysis attributes the higher Fe-HHB-w dc mobility to improved crystallinity, reduced grain-boundary scattering and slightly longer scattering time.

Caveat: Mobility is estimated from a Drude-Smith model and assumed effective mass.

18194 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4e-f · Linked to 6 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

The face-to-face inner tube configuration is important for high-quality Fe-HHB-w films; alternative reversed, equal-length and quartz-boat configurations give lower conductivities.

SI p7-8 · Figure S2 discussion · Figure S2 · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

The NH3-assisted strategy generalises to Cu-HHB and Cu-BHT, increasing conductivity from about 51 to 113 S/cm and from about 595 to 905 S/cm, respectively.

Caveat: Cu-BHT synthesis recipe is only vaguely described because it follows a previous work not supplied with this assignment.

18193 · Results and Discussion · Figures S23-S26 · Linked to 4 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

NH3 improves CVD growth through ligand deprotonation and by acting as a competing coordination species that promotes reversible formation and breakage of metal-ligand bonds.

Caveat: The mechanistic assignment combines spectroscopy, treatment experiments and chemical rationale rather than direct in situ observation.

SI p28 · Figure S22 discussion · Figure S22 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Fe-HHB-w shows thermally activated Arrhenius transport, whereas Fe-HHB-o follows variable-range hopping, consistent with higher disorder in the no-NH3 control.

Caveat: Fe-HHB-o VRH is reported as a model assignment; no activation-energy value is given for Fe-HHB-o.

18193-18194 · Results and Discussion · Figure 4b-c · Linked to 2 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Cu-BHTBrowse family: Cu₃(C₆S₆) / Cu–BHTCu-BHT; CuS4-linked benzenehexathiol 2D conjugated coordination polymerCu centers from Cu(acac)2 or previous Cu-BHT CVD recipe · BHT = hexathiolbenzene / benzenehexathiol2D · Pristine2D c-CP thin film with CuS4 coordination linkages.SI p31-32 · Figure S25-S26 discussion · Figures S25-S26
Cu-HHBBrowse family: Cu₃(C₆O₆)₂ (Cu–THQ / Cu–HHB)Cu-HHB; CuO4-linked hexahydroxybenzene 2D conjugated coordination polymerCu centers from Cu(acac)2 · HHB = hexahydroxybenzene2D · Pristine2D c-CP thin film; compared with Cu-THQ because of an almost identical structure.SI p29-30 · Figure S23-S24 discussion · Figures S23-S24
Fe-HHBFe-HHB; FeO4-linked hexahydroxybenzene 2D conjugated coordination polymerFe centers from Fe(acac)3 · HHB = hexahydroxybenzene2D · PristineHexagonal 2D Kagome lattice, face-on orientation, AA-stacking model; a = b = 7.57 Angstrom from DFT/GIWAXS assignment.18191-18192 · Results and Discussion · Figures 2-3

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 12 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Cu-BHT-o CVD thin film without NH3research_0582__mat__mat_cu_bhtThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkCu-BHT sample grown without NH3.SiO2/SiSI p32 · Figure S26 discussion · Figure S26
Cu-BHT-w NH3-assisted CVD thin filmresearch_0582__mat__mat_cu_bhtThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkAs-grown Cu-BHT thin film prepared with NH3-assisted strategy.SiO2/Si; quartz; flexible polymer substrates reported as compatibleSI p31 · Figure S25 discussion · Figure S25
Cu-HHB-o CVD thin film without NH3research_0582__mat__mat_cu_hhbThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkAs-grown Cu-HHB sample without assistance of NH3.SiO2/SiSI p30 · Figure S24 discussion · Figure S24
Cu-HHB-w NH3-assisted CVD thin filmresearch_0582__mat__mat_cu_hhbThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkGrown by NH3-assisted CVD using HHB and Cu(acac)2.SiO2/SiSI p29 · Figure S23 discussion · Figure S23
Fe-HHB NH3.H2O concentration seriesresearch_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkFe-HHB films grown under varying NH3.H2O solution concentrations from 0 to 14 mol/L.SiO2/SiSI p25 · Figure S19 caption · Figure S19
DFT model of hexagonal Fe-HHBresearch_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbModel · Model System · ModelSpin-polarized DFT model based on AA stacking of hexagonal Fe-HHB.18192-18193 · Results and Discussion · Figure 3f
Fe-HHB-o CVD thin film without NH3research_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkControl film grown in the absence of NH3.SiO2/Si or quartz; fused silica for OPTP · ~101 nm for OPTP sample; other thicknesses not consistently specified18191-18192 · Results and Discussion · Figures 1-3
Fe-HHB-w NH3-assisted CVD thin filmresearch_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkGrown by NH3-assisted CVD using HHB and Fe(acac)3 in the face-to-face inner tube system.SiO2/Si or quartz; fused silica for OPTP · ~11.5 nm after 10 min; ~72.2 nm after 0.5 h; ~150.8 nm after 1 h; ~633.2 nm after 6 h18191 · Results and Discussion · Figure 2
Fe-HHB-w-110/110 equal tube configurationresearch_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkNH3-assisted CVD using two single-opening test tubes of equal length, about 110 mm each.substrate positioned at the gap between tube openingsSI p7-8 · Figure S2 discussion · Figure S2
Fe-HHB-w-65/160 reversed tube configurationresearch_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkNH3-assisted CVD with Fe(acac)3 in the longer 160 mm tube and HHB in the shorter 65 mm tube.substrate at CVD growth positionSI p7-8 · Figure S2 discussion · Figure S2
Fe-HHB-w-AT high-concentration NH3 treated filmresearch_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbThin Film · Pristine Control · Guest LoadedFresh Fe-HHB-w exposed to high-concentration NH3 atmosphere from 14 mol/L NH3.H2O at about 50 deg C.SiO2/SiSI p27-28 · Figures S21-S22 · Figures S21-S22
Fe-HHB-w-QB quartz-boat configurationresearch_0582__mat__mat_fe_hhbThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine FrameworkNH3-assisted growth without the face-to-face inner tube system; reactant powders placed in conventional quartz boats.substrate near conventional quartz boatsSI p8 · Figure S2 discussion · Figure S2