Primary studyCore evidenceThin Film Device

Growth mechanisms and anisotropic softness-dependent conductivity of orientation-controllable metal-organic framework nanofilms

Yao M.-S., Otake K.-I., Koganezawa T. et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023 · e2305125120

5materials
31samples
11synthesis routes
44measurements
67results
6claims and caveats

Evidence map

Open a family to keep every result attached to its sample, method and conditions.

Author interpretations and caveats

Paraphrased for this database from the authors’ stated interpretations — never quoted verbatim — and kept separate from reported measurements.

Composite RoleSupport assessment: Medium

Cu-BTC/Cu-BDC bottom iMOF layers act as substrates that preserve the original Cu-HHTP orientation trends but affect secondary-film quality and softness response.

Caveat: MoM synthesis details are partly by analogy to the component routes; later SI figure plots were available as text/captions but not as rendered images in this task.

SI p035 · MoM supporting text · Fig. S30-S36 · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: Medium

Water-vapour exposure produces large, reversible conductivity decreases in Cu-HHTP nanofilms, with face-on Cu1.0 P0.1-20C reaching roughly 1.5e3% decrease at 90% RH and edge-on Cu0.1 P2.0-20C roughly 4.6e2% at 70% RH in figure-read traces.

Caveat: Magnitude values are visual estimates from rendered SI plots, not tabulated numerical data. | Schema-normalised claim_type from 'performance_trend' to 'structure_property_link'; the original controlled-label wording is retained here.

p047-p049 · Linked to 3 structured results

Structure Property LinkSupport assessment: High

Humidity-induced lattice expansion is anisotropic and correlates with conductivity decrease in oriented Cu-HHTP nanofilms.

Caveat: The authors state the conductivity decrease does not show a clear linear relationship with expansion magnitude, so transport efficiency in each direction remains to be quantified.

p005 · Anisotropic Softness-Conductivity · Fig. 5F · Linked to 3 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: Medium

Layer-by-layer feeding suppresses dominant amorphous Cu-HHTP formation; repeated cycles repair defect-rich particle bottoms and increase crystallinity and conductivity.

Caveat: Presented as a possible defect-repair model inferred from cycle-dependent crystallinity, conductivity, and FM-AFM imaging.

p004 · Surface-Mounted Nucleation and Nanoparticle Intergrowth · Fig. 4; SI Fig. S25 · Linked to 3 structured results

Synthesis MechanismSupport assessment: High

Changing Cu/HHTP concentrations in the LbL-LPE spray method controls Cu-HHTP film orientation from common face-on/c-oriented films to edge-on/a-b-oriented films.

Caveat: Cu0.1 P0.5-10C edge-on orientation was described as observable but not very clear.

p003 · Syntheses and Structures · Fig. 2; SI Fig. S3-S4 · Linked to 3 structured results

Transport MechanismSupport assessment: High

Face-on Cu-HHTP films conduct more efficiently parallel to the ab-plane than edge-on films conduct along the c-axis; the best tabulated conductivity is 0.6918 S cm-1 for Cu0.1 P0.1-40C.

Caveat: The main text reports approximate saturation values of about 1.0 and 0.2 S cm-1; exact table values vary by sample series and cycle count.

p004 · Cycle-Dependent Properties · Fig. 3B; SI Table S1 · Linked to 3 structured results

Material identities

Names and aliases are kept exactly within the paper’s own identity model.

MaterialCompositionStructure contextSource
Cu-BDC insulating MOF thin filmCu-BDCCu nodes from copper acetate · 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC)unknown · PristineOriented Cu-BDC thin film used as an iMOF heterostructure substrate.SI p002 · Preparation of Cu-BDC thin films
Cu-BTC insulating MOF thin filmCu-BTCCu nodes from copper acetate · 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC)3D · PristineCu-BTC thin film used as an iMOF heterostructure substrate; buried patterns observed by grazing-angle GIWAXS.SI p002 · Preparation of Cu-BTC thin films
Cu-HHTP conductive metal-organic frameworkBrowse family: Cu₃(HHTP)₂ / Cu–HHTP[Cu3(HHTP)2]; HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydrotriphenyleneCu2+ in [CuO4] planar units · 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydrotriphenylene (HHTP)2D · PristineHexagonal 2D pi-conjugated framework; P6mmm; 2D layers in the ab-plane and AB slipped-parallel pi-pi stacking along c.p002 · Syntheses and Structures · Fig. 1
Cu-HHTP nanocrystalsBrowse family: Cu₃(HHTP)₂ / Cu–HHTPCu-HHTP nanocrystalsCu from copper acetate · HHTP2D · PristineFree Cu-HHTP nanocrystals used as a comparison for humidity-induced lattice expansion.SI p003 · Preparation of Cu-HHTP nanocrystals
Cu-HHTP-on-iMOF heterostructured thin filmsBrowse family: Cu₃(HHTP)₂ / Cu–HHTPCu-HHTP on Cu-BDC or Cu-BTCCu-HHTP cMOF layer on copper-carboxylate iMOF layer · HHTP in cMOF layer; BDC or BTC in bottom iMOF layer2D · CompositeMOF-on-MOF bilayers/trilayers; bottom iMOF affects quality but not the original Cu-HHTP orientation strongly.p004 · Synthesis and Structure of MOF-on-MOF Thin Films · SI Fig. S30-S36

Sample register

Sample form, processing state and composition status define the context for measurements.

Show 31 sample records
SampleForm and roleProcessing and geometrySource
Cu-BDC-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_bdcThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework10 immersion cyclesfunctionalized substrate · not reportedSI p002 · Preparation of Cu-BDC thin films
Cu-BTC-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_btcThin Film · Pristine Control · Pristine Framework10 immersion cycles-NH2 functionalized substrate · not reportedSI p002 · Preparation of Cu-BTC thin films
Cu-HHTP nanocrystalsresearch_0634__mat__mat_cuhhtp_nanocrystalsPowder · Pristine Control · Pristine Frameworksolvothermal methanol synthesis, dried under vacuumnone · nanocrystal powderSI p003 · Preparation of Cu-HHTP nanocrystals · Fig. S45
Cu0.1 P0.5-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkedge-on onset sample with HHTP 0.5 mM-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · not reported in Table S1p003 · Syntheses and Structures · SI Fig. S3
edge-on Cu0.1 P0.5-xC seriesresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkLbL-LPE spray, Cu acetate 0.1 mM and HHTP 0.5 mM-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · various; 10-cycle sample used for early edge-on observationSI p002 · Preparation of edge-on Cu-HHTP thin films
Cu0.1 P1.0-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkedge-on/a-b oriented; 10 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 40.2 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu0.1 P1.0-20Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkedge-on/a-b oriented; 20 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 96.2 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu0.1 P1.0-5Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkedge-on/a-b oriented; 5 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 18.5 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
edge-on Cu0.1 P1.0-xC seriesresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkLbL-LPE spray, Cu acetate 0.1 mM and HHTP 1.0 mM-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 18.5-96.2 nm for 5-20 cyclesSI p002 · Preparation of edge-on Cu-HHTP thin films
Cu0.1 P2.0-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkedge-on/a-b oriented; 10 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 33.3 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu0.1 P2.0-20Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkedge-on/a-b oriented; operando RH/GIWAXS and XAFS sample-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 51.8 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu0.1 P2.0-2Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Framework2-cycle edge-on film imaged immediately in ultrapure waterfreshly cleaved mica for FM-AFM · few-nm ultrathin film; height drop about 4 nm in FM-AFMp004 · Direct Imaging · Fig. 4C; SI Fig. S26-S29
Cu0.1 P2.0-5Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkedge-on/a-b oriented; 5 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 13.4 +/- 2.3 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
edge-on Cu0.1 P2.0-xC seriesresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkLbL-LPE spray, Cu acetate 0.1 mM and HHTP 2.0 mM-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 13.4-51.8 nm for 5-20 cycles; 2-cycle film used for FM-AFMSI p002 · Preparation of edge-on Cu-HHTP thin films
Cu0.1 P0.1-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 10 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 18.4 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu0.1 P0.1-20Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 20 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 37.8 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu0.1 P0.1-2Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Framework2-cycle face-on film imaged immediately in ultrapure waterfreshly cleaved mica for FM-AFM · few-nm ultrathin filmp004 · Direct Imaging · Fig. 4B; SI Fig. S26
Cu0.1 P0.1-30Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 30 cycles; operando RH/GIWAXS sample-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · not tabulated; large crystalline domainsp005 · Anisotropic Softness-Conductivity · Fig. 5
Cu0.1 P0.1-40Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 40 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 103.7 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu0.1 P0.1-5Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 5 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 11.0 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
face-on Cu0.1 P0.1-xC seriesresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkLbL-LPE spray, Cu acetate 0.1 mM and HHTP 0.1 mM-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 11.0-103.7 nm for 5-40 cyclesSI p002 · Preparation of face-on Cu-HHTP thin films
Cu1.0 P0.1-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 10 cycles; XAFS comparison sample-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 40.3 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu1.0 P0.1-20Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; operando RH/GIWAXS sample-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 78.2 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu1.0 P0.1-40Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 40 cycles; MoM upper-layer condition-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 157.6 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
Cu1.0 P0.1-5Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine Frameworkface-on; 5 cycles-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 17.5 nmSI p013 · Table S1 · Table S1
face-on Cu1.0 P0.1-xC seriesresearch_0634__mat__mat_cu_hhtpThin Film · Target Sample · Pristine FrameworkLbL-LPE spray, Cu acetate 1.0 mM and HHTP 0.1 mM-OH functionalized Si/SiO2 unless otherwise noted · 17.5-157.6 nm for 5-40 cyclesSI p002 · Preparation of face-on Cu-HHTP thin films
edge-on Cu0.1 P1.0-20C-on-Cu-BTC-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cuhhtp_on_imofThin Film · Composite Sample · CompositeCu-HHTP grown on Cu-BTC by edge-on procedureCu-BTC-10C thin film · Cu-HHTP upper layer from 20-cycle edge-on Cu0.1 P1.0 conditionSI p039 · MoM GIWAXS · Fig. S34
edge-on Cu0.1 P2.0-20C-on-Cu-BTC-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cuhhtp_on_imofThin Film · Composite Sample · CompositeCu-HHTP grown on Cu-BTC by edge-on Cu0.1 P2.0 procedureCu-BTC-10C thin film · Cu-HHTP upper layer about 55 nmSI p040 · MoM GIWAXS · Fig. S35
face-on Cu1.0 P0.1-40C-on-Cu-BTC-10C thin filmresearch_0634__mat__mat_cuhhtp_on_imofThin Film · Composite Sample · Compositecomposite_samplep052
face-on Cu-HHTP-40C-on-Cu-BTC-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cuhhtp_on_imofThin Film · Composite Sample · CompositeCu-HHTP grown on Cu-BTC by face-on procedureCu-BTC-10C thin film · Cu-HHTP upper layer from 40-cycle face-on conditionSI p038 · MoM GIWAXS · Fig. S33
Cu-BTC-10C-on-Cu-HHTP-20C-on-Cu-BTC-10Cresearch_0634__mat__mat_cuhhtp_on_imofThin Film · Composite Sample · Compositethird Cu-BTC layer grown on MoM filmCu-BTC-10C thin film · not reportedSI p041 · MoM GIWAXS · Fig. S36