Electrochemistry Application — Microfluidic Printing-Induced Dynamic Splitting of Conductive MOF to Expose High-Density Active Sites for Boosted CO2 Electroreduction

Measurement evidence

Electrochemistry Application

Microfluidic Printing-Induced Dynamic Splitting of Conductive MOF to Expose High-Density Active Sites for Boosted CO2 Electroreduction · Yue J.-N., Wang Y., Meng J. et al. · Small · 2026 · e00018

8 measurement groups · 56 results

Reported values remain attached to the sample, method, conditions, extraction quality and source location that produced them.

Double-layer capacitance / electrochemically active area

MF-cMOFQx/ty H-cell electrode inks · Electrode

Cdl from CV/ECSA analysis; MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 compared with ST-cMOF.

Atmosphere: CO2RR electrolyte
Geometry: H-cell electrode
Context: target vs control comparison
Measurement source: 5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figures S42-S44

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Double-layer capacitance of MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5Marked as a best value within this paper	3.57 mF cm^-2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figures S42-S44
Double-layer capacitance of ST-cMOF	1.94 mF cm^-2	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figures S42-S44

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)

Impedance spectroscopy

MF-cMOFQx/ty H-cell electrode inks · Electrode

H-cell CO2RR impedance comparison of MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 and ST-cMOF.

Atmosphere: CO2-saturated electrolyte
Geometry: H-cell
Context: target vs control comparison
Measurement source: 5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure S41

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Charge-transfer resistance trendMarked as a best value within this paper	MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 has significantly reduced charge-transfer resistance versus ST-cMOF	—	—	Qualitative Qualitative	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure S41

Flow-cell CO2 electroreduction

MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 flow-cell electrode · Electrode

Flow cell with 1 M KOH; CO2 gas 25 mL min^-1; catholyte 8 mL min^-1; anolyte 60 mL min^-1; exposed electrode 1 cm x 1 cm.

Atmosphere: CO2 gas flow
Geometry: three-chamber flow cell with AEM FAA-3-PK-130
Context: MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 electrode
Measurement source: 5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3f,g,h

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH4 generation rate of MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5Marked as a best value within this paper	4.51 mmol h^-1 g^-1 at -1.2 V vs RHE	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3h
Maximum CH4 FE of MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 in flow cellMarked as a best value within this paper	73.5%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3g
Flow-cell current density of MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5Marked as a best value within this paper	383 mA cm^-2 at -1.1 V vs RHE	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3f

Flow-cell CO2 electroreduction

ST-cMOF flow-cell electrode · Electrode

Flow cell with 1 M KOH; CO2 gas 25 mL min^-1; catholyte 8 mL min^-1; anolyte 60 mL min^-1; exposed electrode 1 cm x 1 cm.

Atmosphere: CO2 gas flow
Geometry: three-chamber flow cell with AEM FAA-3-PK-130
Context: ST-cMOF electrode
Measurement source: Section S1 Electrochemical measurements, Flow cell · Figure 3f,g,h

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH4 generation rate of ST-cMOF	1.58 mmol h^-1 g^-1 at -1.2 V vs RHE	—	—	Text Exact Reported	6 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3h
CH4 FE of ST-cMOF in flow cell	54.6%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3g
Flow-cell current density of ST-cMOF	178 mA cm^-2 at -1.1 V vs RHE	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3f

Flow-cell stability test

MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 flow-cell electrode · Electrode

Flow-cell CO2RR stability at approximately 380 mA cm^-2 for 8 h.

Atmosphere: CO2 gas flow
Geometry: flow cell
Context: MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 electrode
Measurement source: 5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figures S45-S47

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Flow-cell stability current density	approximately 380 mA cm^-2	—	approximately	Text Approximate	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure S45
CH4 FE decrease after 8 h flow-cell stability	about 20.26%	—	about	Text Approximate	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure S45

H-type cell CO2 electroreduction, LSV and constant-potential chronoamperometry with GC product analysis

Voltammetry Chronoamperometry

MF-cMOFQx/ty H-cell electrode inks · Electrode

Catalyst ink on 5 mm glassy carbon electrode; CO2-saturated KHCO3-KCl electrolyte; Ag/AgCl reference, Pt counter, Nafion 117 separator; potentials -1.1 to -1.6 V vs RHE; GC detected CH4, C2H4, and H2.

Temperature: 298.15
Atmosphere: CO2-saturated electrolyte
Geometry: H-cell, GCE working electrode area 0.196 cm^2
Context: Nafion-bound electrode ink of pristine cMOF catalyst
Measurement source: Section S1 Electrochemical measurements, H-cell · Figures 3a-c; Figures S33-S37

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
mf_cmof_q0_64_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.1 V	62%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q0_64_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.2 V	70%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q0_64_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.3 V	68%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q0_64_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.4 V	69%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q0_64_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.5 V	62%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t10 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.1 V	51%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t10 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.2 V	67%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t10 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.3 V	39%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t10 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.4 V	36%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t10 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.5 V	35%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t20 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.1 V	42%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t20 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.2 V	42%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t20 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.3 V	56%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t20 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.4 V	46%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t20 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.5 V	41%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t2_5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.1 V	22%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t2_5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.2 V	43%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t2_5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.3 V	38%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t2_5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.4 V	15%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t2_5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.5 V	27%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.1 V	75%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.2 VMarked as a best value within this paper	79%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.3 V	73%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.4 V	76%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q1_28_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.5 V	77%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q2_56_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.1 V	47%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q2_56_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.2 V	44%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q2_56_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.3 V	46%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q2_56_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.4 V	49%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q2_56_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.5 V	54%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q5_12_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.1 V	40%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q5_12_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.2 V	53%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q5_12_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.3 V	47%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q5_12_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.4 V	44%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
mf_cmof_q5_12_t5 H-cell CH4 FE at -1.5 V	39%	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	33-34 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S6
MF-cMOFQ0.64/t5 CH4 FE near -1.2 V in H-cell	approximately 70% from Figure 3c	—	visual estimate	Figure Axis Approximate	6 · Figure 3 · Figure 3c
MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5 maximum CH4 Faradaic efficiency in H-cellMarked as a best value within this paper	79.6% at -1.2 V vs RHE	—	—	Text Exact Reported	28 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S4
MF-cMOFQ2.56/t5 CH4 FE near -1.2 V in H-cell	approximately 44% from Figure 3c	—	visual estimate	Figure Axis Approximate	6 · Figure 3 · Figure 3c
MF-cMOFQ5.12/t5 CH4 FE near -1.2 V in H-cell	approximately 52% from Figure 3c	—	visual estimate	Figure Axis Approximate	6 · Figure 3 · Figure 3c
ST-cMOF CH4 Faradaic efficiency in H-cell	44.5% CH4 FE	—	—	SI Table Exact Reported	28 · Section S2 Supplementary figures and tables · Table S4

H-cell long-term stability CO2RR

MF-cMOFQx/ty H-cell electrode inks · Electrode

Three-electrode H-type electrolytic cell; continuous reaction at -1.2 V vs RHE for 10 h.

Atmosphere: CO2-saturated electrolyte
Geometry: H-cell
Context: Nafion-bound electrode ink of pristine MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5
Measurement source: 5-6 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3d; Figures S38-S39

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
CH4 FE decay after 10 h H-cell stability	about 14.5% decay	—	about	Text Approximate	5-6 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3d
Final CH4 FE after 10 h H-cell stability	66.2%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5-6 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3d
Initial CH4 FE during 10 h H-cell stability	77.4%	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5-6 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure 3d

Tafel analysis

Tafel and polarisation analysis

MF-cMOFQx/ty H-cell electrode inks · Electrode

Tafel slope comparison in H-cell CO2RR.

Atmosphere: CO2-saturated electrolyte
Geometry: H-cell
Context: target vs control comparison
Measurement source: 5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure S40

Property	Reported value	Normalised value	Uncertainty	Origin and quality	Source
Tafel slope of MF-cMOFQ1.28/t5Marked as a best value within this paper	275.4 mV dec^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure S40
Tafel slope of ST-cMOF	485.3 mV dec^-1	—	—	Text Exact Reported	5 · 2.2 Electrochemical CO2RR Performance · Figure S40