Hao Liu, Yongshuai Wang, Zhengsheng Qin, Dan Liu, Hai Xu, Huanli Dong, and Wenping Hu · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · 2021
Provide a perspective on electrically conductive coordination polymers for electronic and optoelectronic devices, linking electronic design, charge-transport mechanisms, thin-film fabrication routes, device demonstrations, and open research needs.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Summarises conductive porous MOFs as chemical-to-electrical transducers, including NH3 and VOC sensing by 2D frameworks and hydrocarbon sensing in 3D conductive MOFs.
Relevance: Supporting · 1618 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Chemiresistive Sensors · Figure 6
Positions conductive MOFs/CPs as an FET material class, compares Cu-BHT, Ni3(HITP)2, and redox-controlled Fe2(BDP)3 devices, and tabulates mobility, conductivity, device structure, and fabrication method.
Relevance: Core · 1621 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Table 1
Frames conductive coordination polymers as a newer alternative to conjugated organic polymers, narrows the review to porous MOFs/PCPs and nonporous pi-d CPs, and identifies their advantages and early milestones.
Relevance: Core · 1613 · Introduction · Figure 1
Reviews early photovoltaic, sensitiser, photodetector, spin-valve, thermoelectric, memristor, photoconductive, and light-emission opportunities, while noting slow development and unresolved device questions.
Relevance: Supporting · 1623 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors · Figure 8
Lists author-prioritised needs: rational design, controllable preparation, high-quality single crystals, standardised conductivity and mobility measurements, and expansion into LEDs, LETs, phototransistors, and superconducting applications.
Relevance: Core · 1623 · Outlook
Treats device-ready form as a prerequisite and compares interfacial synthesis, powder-based deposition, and liquid-phase epitaxy for conductive MOF/CP films.
Relevance: Core · 1616 · Preparation of working samples · Figure 3
Explains conductivity as carrier density times mobility, contrasts band-like and hopping regimes, and organises charge pathways by 1D, 2D, and 3D framework dimensionality.
Relevance: Core · 1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
The device taxonomy separates demonstrations with realised devices from outlook targets such as LEDs and light-emitting transistors.
Categories: chemiresistive sensors · field-effect transistors · organic photovoltaics · photodetectors · spintronic devices · thermoelectrics · memristors · light-emitting devices
1618 · Device applications
The review treats framework dimensionality as a practical organising axis for transport pathways and device-relevant anisotropy.
Categories: 1D through-bond metal-organic chains · 2D through-bond pi-d networks · 2D through-space pi-pi stacking · 3D through-space redox-active cores · 3D through-bond metal-ligand networks · host-guest or redox-doped conduction
1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2c-e
For device integration, the review groups conductive MOF/CP films into three commonly used preparation families and discusses their process strengths and weaknesses.
Categories: interfacial synthesis · powder MOFs/CPs-based deposition · liquid-phase epitaxy
1617 · Preparation of working samples · Figure 3
The review highlights flat, multidentate, pi-conjugated ligands with N, O, S, or Se donor atoms as common building blocks for 2D conductive MOFs/CPs.
Categories: benzoquinone-based dhbq ligands · hexa-substituted triphenylenes (HXTP) · hexa-substituted benzenes (HXB) · phthalocyanine-based ligands
1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms
The perspective deliberately narrows its review to porous MOFs/PCPs and nonporous pi-d CPs, excluding the broad 1D CP field for readability.
Categories: porous coordination polymers / MOFs / PCPs · nonporous pi-d conjugated coordination polymers
1613 · Introduction
Band-like transport is associated with delocalised bands and can decline with increased scattering at higher temperature; hopping transport proceeds between separated localised sites and is thermally activated.
Categories: band-like transport · hopping transport
1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2a,b
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
2D frameworks built from hexa-substituted benzene ligands, especially benzenehexathiol and related chalcogenolate linkers.
Conduction: Metal-sulfur or metal-chalcogen networks can give very high film conductivity, metallic states, and ambipolar FET behaviour.
Representative materials: Cu-BHT · Ag-BHT · Ni3(BHT)2
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ag · Ni · benzenehexathiol · benzenehexaselenolate · bis(dithiolene)
1616 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2h
Frameworks using redox-active dithiolene or pyrazinedithiolate units to promote donor-acceptor charge transfer.
Conduction: Soft metal-sulfur linkages and donor-acceptor building units can provide hopping, through-bond, or guest-sensitive conductive pathways.
Representative materials: Cu[Cu(pdt)2] · Cu[Ni(pdt)2] · Mn2(DSBDC)
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · Mn · pyrazinedithiolate · disulfhydrylbenzene dicarboxylate
1613 · Introduction
2D conductive MOFs/CPs based on hexa-substituted triphenylene linkers such as HITP, HHTP, or THT.
Conduction: Flat pi-conjugated ligands with transition-metal nodes enable in-plane delocalisation and, in some cases, band-like or high-mobility behaviour.
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HHTP)2 · Fe3(THT)2(NH4)3
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Fe · hexaiminotriphenylene · hexahydroxytriphenylene · triphenylenehexathiol
1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms
MOF/CP films used as photoactive or hole-transporting sensitiser layers in photovoltaic and photodetector devices.
Conduction: Device performance depends on light absorption, exciton dissociation, charge transport and collection, plus conductive or doped MOF pathways.
Representative materials: Al2(BDC)3 · Cu-based MOF benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate · Co-DAPV · Fe3(THT)2(NH4)3
Nodes / linkers: Al · Cu · Co · Fe · benzenedicarboxylate · benzenetricarboxylate · viologen · triphenylenehexathiol
1622 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors · Figure 8
Nonporous coordination polymers in which metal centres and pi-conjugated ligands form extended pi-d conjugated networks.
Conduction: Strong metal-ligand orbital coupling and pi-d interactions promote delocalisation and high conductivity.
Representative materials: Cu-BHT · Ag-BHT · Ni3(BHT)2
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ag · Ni · benzenehexathiol · bis(dithiolene)
1613 · Introduction
Intrinsically porous crystalline coordination polymers built from metal ions or clusters and organic linkers, treated as one of the review's two main categories.
Conduction: Conductivity is achieved through donor-acceptor combinations, extended pi-d networks, through-space overlap, or guest/redox modulation rather than by porosity alone.
Representative materials: Cu[Cu(pdt)2] · Cu[Ni(pdt)2] · Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HHTP)2
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · dithiolene · hexaiminotriphenylene · hexahydroxytriphenylene
1613 · Introduction
3D MOFs whose charge transport is modulated by controlled Fe(III) reduction to mixed-valence KxFe2(BDP)3.
Conduction: Controlled reduction creates mixed-valence pathways along pyrazolate chains, increasing conductivity and electron mobility but retaining strong anisotropy.
Representative materials: Fe2(BDP)3 · K0.98Fe2(BDP)3 · KxFe2(BDP)3
Nodes / linkers: Fe · K · benzene dipyrazolate
1621 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Figure 7f
Porous 3D MOFs incorporating tetrathiafulvalene or related electron-rich cores.
Conduction: Neighbouring TTF motifs create through-space pathways via short S...S contacts and spatial hopping of charge carriers.
Representative materials: Zn2(TTFTB) · Cd2(TTFTB)
Nodes / linkers: Zn · Cd · tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate
1615 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Grow thin films at liquid-liquid or air-liquid interfaces, enabling freestanding or ultrathin MOF/CP films that can be transferred or integrated into devices.
Claimed effects: Can produce uniform films, ultrathin nanosheets, and oriented 2D conductive layers for structural characterisation and devices.
Controlling variables: choice of immiscible phases · precursor diffusion rates · air-liquid versus liquid-liquid interface · growth direction · film transfer substrate
Representative materials: Ag-BHT · Ni3(BHT)2 · Cu-BHT · Ni3(HITP)2
Caveat: Film nucleation and morphology depend strongly on precursor diffusion and interfacial conditions; transfer and large-area uniformity remain practical issues.
1616 · Interfacial Synthesis · Figures 3a and 4a-b
Use functionalised substrates and sequential precursor deposition to grow surface-supported MOF/CP thin films layer by layer.
Claimed effects: Enables controlled film orientation, thickness and roughness, including spray LPE films for room-temperature chemiresistive sensing.
Controlling variables: SAM terminal group · substrate functionalisation · metal salt and ligand sequence · number of growth cycles · film orientation · thickness and roughness
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2
Caveat: The route can be technologically tedious, and the review notes broader weaknesses across current film protocols.
1616 · Liquid-Phase Epitaxy · Figures 3c and 4c
Deposit powder MOFs/CPs directly onto substrates or prepatterned electrodes, typically by drop-casting, for device fabrication.
Claimed effects: Offers a facile route from powder materials to devices and has been used in FET demonstrations.
Controlling variables: powder dispersion · substrate and electrode geometry · drop-casting conditions · post-deposition film integrity
Representative materials: In(isophthalate)2 · Im@CuBTC
Caveat: The review warns that PMD films often lack clear microzone characterisation and identification of the as-fabricated film.
1616 · Powder MOFs/CPs-Based Deposition · Figure 3b
Modify conductive or semiconductive MOFs by guest inclusion, iodine doping, or controlled redox chemistry to tune carrier density and charge pathways.
Claimed effects: Can switch or increase conductivity, improve photovoltaic interfaces, or create mixed-valence pathways for transistor devices.
Controlling variables: oxidation or reduction state · guest molecule identity · dopant loading · framework redox-active sites · anisotropic pathway control
Representative materials: KxFe2(BDP)3 · I2-doped Cu-based MOF · DMB@Al2(BDC)3 · Cu[Ni(pdt)2]
Caveat: Changes can produce anisotropic conduction, measurement ambiguity, or device behaviour that depends on non-intrinsic guest and interface effects.
1621 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Figure 7f
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Flat multidentate pi-conjugated ligands coordinated to transition metals can create 2D pi-d extended structures that support in-plane delocalisation and through-bond transport.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Out-of-plane through-space transport can also matter in layered materials.
1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms
For 3D conductive MOFs/CPs, anisotropic charge transport is a recurring concern because conduction pathways can be fixed by nonisotropic structure.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review suggests isotropic conduction would be more beneficial for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
1615 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms
Band-like and hopping transport are treated as the dominant conceptual regimes for MOF/CP charge transport, with opposite temperature-dependence expectations.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Real materials may mix mechanisms or show anisotropic pathways.
1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2a,b
The review presents conductivity as controlled by carrier density and mobility; electronic structure affects carrier concentration while transport mode affects mobility.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a conceptual framing and does not identify all device-specific contact or morphology effects.
1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms
The review interprets the 2009-2020 literature as a seven-order-of-magnitude improvement in MOF/CP conductivity alongside rapid expansion in the number of conductive examples.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Figure 5 is selective and not an exhaustive database; comparisons mix pellets, films and methods.
1618 · Device applications · Figure 5
Conductive coordination polymers are attractive because they combine compositional diversity, crystallinity for structure-function analysis, tunable apertures and functionalisation, device-compatible dimensionality, and additional magnetic or quantum possibilities.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The advantages are potential rather than uniformly realised in current devices.
1613 · Introduction
Before rigorous measurements, DFT predictions of band structures, band gaps and densities of states can guide interpretation of electronic behaviour.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: DFT is presented as instructive, not a substitute for measurements.
1615 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2f-h
Introducing metals into extended organic conjugated backbones is presented as an alternative route for FET materials beyond conventional organic and polymer semiconductors.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: High conductivity can be counterproductive for transistor switching when off-state behaviour is required.
1620 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs
Current interfacial, powder-deposition and LPE film protocols are compatible with some devices but are substantially limited by poor applicability, inferior film quality, or tedious processing.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The assessment is qualitative and protocol-dependent.
1618 · Preparation of working samples
Most coordination polymers are still electrical insulators at room temperature, which limits direct use in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The claim is a broad review-level framing rather than a complete survey of all CP measurements.
1613 · Introduction
MOF/CP active layers in OPVs remain challenging because they need visible/near-IR absorption and efficient generation, separation, transport and collection of photocarriers.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review treats this as a slow-developing field with only proof-of-concept demonstrations.
1622 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors
For device-oriented discussion, the authors restrict conductive coordination polymers mainly to porous MOFs/PCPs and nonporous pi-d conjugated CPs.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The choice explicitly excludes much of the broader 1D CP literature.
1613 · Introduction
For conductive MOF sensor arrays, the review notes that observed sensing responses are not fully understood and may involve competing charge-transfer and hydrogen-bonding mechanisms.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Mechanistic attribution remains speculative in the cited array study.
1618 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Chemiresistive Sensors · Figure 6b
High-quality single crystals are described as urgently needed because polycrystalline films and pellets introduce grain boundaries and defects that can obscure intrinsic transport.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review frames this as an aspirational direction; most current examples remain polycrystalline films or pellets.
1624 · Outlook
The authors argue that conductivity and mobility testing in MOFs/CPs needs standardisation because different methods may overestimate or inconsistently report high performance.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The warning is especially relevant when comparing pellets, films, Hall measurements and FET-extracted mobilities.
1624 · Outlook
Device integration generally requires high-quality thin films or single crystals on substrates rather than bulk powders.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review notes that current protocols still suffer from applicability, quality, or process burdens.
1616 · Preparation of working samples
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryAg-BHT | room-temperature conductivity | 250 S cm^-1 | room temperature; similar device configuration Text · Exact Reported | research_0735 | 1616 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2h |
| SecondaryCo-DAPV | hole mobility | 0.017 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 | Hall effect measurement; hole-transporting sensitiser Text · Exact Reported | research_0231 | 1623 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors |
| SecondaryCo-DAPV | solar-cell power conversion efficiency | 2.1% | solid-state solar cell; 15 LbL cycles; TiO2/Co-DAPV heterojunction Text · Exact Reported | research_0231 | 1623 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors · Figure 8d |
| SecondaryCu-BHT | film conductivity | 1580 S cm^-1 | film; four-probe measurement Text · Exact Reported | research_0006 | 1616 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms |
| SecondaryCu-BHT | FET charge carrier mobility | 99 and 116 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 for holes and electrons, respectively | ambipolar FET; Cu-BHT films on Si/SiO2; review reports hole and electron mobilities Text · Range | research_0006 | 1620 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Figure 7b,c |
| SecondaryCu[Cu(pdt)2] | electrical conductivity | 6 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 | ambient temperature; 3D porous MOF Text · Exact Reported | research_0201 | 1613 · Introduction |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | magnetoresistance | 25% at 10 K | organic spin valve with LSMO and Co/Au electrodes Text · Exact Reported | research_0129 | 1623 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Other Related Applications |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)(THQ) | conductivity | ~2.53 x 10^-5 S cm^-1 | two-probe pellet configuration Text · Approximate | research_0793 | 1618 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Chemiresistive Sensors |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)(THQ) | NH3 limit of detection | 0.02-0.35 ppm | gas sensor devices; concentration-dependent sensing response Text · Range | research_0793 | 1618 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Chemiresistive Sensors · Figure 6f |
| SecondaryCu3(HITP)2 | NH3 limit of detection | 0.5 ppm | chemiresistive sensing; constant potential of 100 mV Text · Exact Reported | research_0002 | 1618 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Chemiresistive Sensors |
| SecondaryI2-doped Cu-based MOF | solar-cell power conversion efficiency | 0.26% | TiO2-based photovoltaic cell; 1 sun illumination Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 1623 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors |
| SecondaryFe3(THT)2(NH4)3 | charge mobility | ~220 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 | room temperature; estimated from time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy Text · Approximate | research_0001 | 1614 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms |
| SecondaryFe3(THT)2(NH4)3 | specific detectivity | 7 x 10^8 cm Hz1/2 W^-1 | 785 nm excitation at 77 K; two-terminal photodetector Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 1623 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors · Figure 8h |
| SecondaryK0.98Fe2(BDP)3 | conductivity | 0.025 S cm^-1 | two-point measurements after potassium naphthalenide reduction Text · Exact Reported | research_0029 | 1621 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Table 1 |
| SecondaryK0.98Fe2(BDP)3 | electron mobility | 0.84 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 | n-type conduction; single-crystal FET device Text · Exact Reported | research_0029 | 1621 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Figure 7f and Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2, Cu3(HITP)2, and Ni3(HITP)2 sensor array | VOC classification accuracy | >90% accuracy upon a 30 s exposure to 200 ppm analytes | 16 VOCs grouped into five categories; PCA analysis Text · Approximate | research_0145 | 1618 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Chemiresistive Sensors · Figure 6b |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | electrical conductivity | 2 and 40 S cm^-1 for pellet and film conductivity, respectively | porous conductive MOF; pellet and film values reported in review Text · Range | No verified corpus mapping | 1616 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms · Figure 2g |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | FET hole mobility | 48.6 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 | p-type depletion behaviour; BG-TC device Text · Exact Reported | research_0015 | 1620 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Figure 7e |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | FET on/off ratio | 2 x 10^3 | p-type depletion behaviour; BG-TC device Text · Exact Reported | research_0015 | 1620 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for FETs · Figure 7e |
| SecondaryZn2(TTFTB) | intrinsic mobility | 0.2 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 | FP-TRMC measurement; porous conductive 3D MOF Text · Exact Reported | research_0030 | 1615 · Electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
Different characterisation methods can give inconsistent or overestimated conductivity and mobility data, potentially misleading further research.
Proposed direction: Standardise and normalise electronic property measurements and mobility extraction for MOFs/CPs.
1624 · Outlook
Although semiconducting MOFs/CPs have tunable band gaps and photoresponse features, photovoltaic development has been slow.
Proposed direction: Investigate light absorption, exciton dissociation, charge transport, and interface engineering in conductive MOF/CP active layers.
1623 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for OPVs and Photodetectors
The review states that transistor-based photoresponse or photodetector devices of conductive MOFs/CPs had not yet been reported.
Proposed direction: Develop conductive MOF/CP phototransistors and transistor-based photodetectors.
1624 · Outlook
It remains unclear how to rationally construct conductive MOFs/CPs that achieve high charge transport and high device performance.
Proposed direction: Examine metal and linker conjugation separately and together, including metal-linker orbital overlap, electron delocalisation, noncovalent interactions, and redox control.
1623 · Outlook
Some high-conductivity MOFs/CPs show metallic rather than semiconductor behaviour, which can be undesirable for FETs and other switching devices.
Proposed direction: Tune electronic properties so device materials have appropriate carrier density, bandgap, mobility, and on/off behaviour.
1624 · Outlook
The review notes that observed sensing responses in conductive MOF arrays are not fully understood.
Proposed direction: Separate charge-transfer, hydrogen-bonding, adsorption, swelling, and heat-capacity-linked effects in sensor responses.
1618 · Conductive MOFs/CPs for Chemiresistive Sensors · Figure 6b
Few conductive MOFs/CPs show truly high conductivity, and most measurements rely on polycrystalline pellets or films with defects and grain boundaries.
Proposed direction: Prioritise high-quality single crystals for intrinsic transport studies and single-crystal device fabrication.
1624 · Outlook
There is a scarcity of fabrication methods with good universality for conductive MOF/CP thin films.
Proposed direction: Develop new synthetic strategies, with the authors envisioning light-induced or magnetism-induced self-assembly after careful study.
1624 · Outlook
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 312015 | A Two-Dimensional pi-d Conjugated Coordination Polymer with Extremely High Electrical Conductivity and Ambipolar Transport Behaviour | transport_benchmark · FET_benchmark · thin_film_deviceUsed for Cu-BHT film conductivity, ambipolar FET mobility, and as a caution that very high conductivity can impair switching. | research_0006 |
| Ref. 322018 | Superconductivity in a Copper(II)-Based Coordination Polymer with Perfect Kagome Structure | superconductivity_context · outlookUsed for superconductivity and Ag-for-Cu substitution context in the review's outlook and high-conductivity discussion. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 362004 | Metal-Organic Frameworks: A New Class of Porous Materials | definition_scopeCited in defining porous coordination polymers / MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 372004 | Functional Porous Coordination Polymers | definition_scopeCited in defining MOFs as porous crystalline coordination polymers. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 382013 | pi-Conjugated Nickel Bis(dithiolene) Complex Nanosheet | thin_film_synthesis · material_familyUsed as an air-liquid interfacial synthesis example of single-layer or few-layer nickel bis(dithiolene) nanosheets. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 412009 | Electroconductive Porous Coordination Polymer Cu[Cu(pdt)2] Composed of Donor and Acceptor Building Units | historical_milestone · transport_benchmarkPioneer conductive porous MOF used as the starting benchmark in the review's historical narrative. | research_0201 |
| Ref. 422011 | Electronic Transport in Organic Materials: Comparison of Band Theory with Percolation/(Variable Range) Hopping Theory | transport_mechanismCited for the general band-like versus hopping transport framework. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 432018 | High-Mobility Band-Like Charge Transport in a Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework | transport_benchmark · photodetector_precursorCited for band-like charge transport and high TRTS mobility in a semiconducting 2D MOF. | research_0001 |
| Ref. 442013 | Mn2(2,5-disulfhydrylbenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate): A Microporous Metal-Organic Framework with Infinite (-Mn-S-)infinity Chains and High Intrinsic Charge Mobility | transport_mechanismUsed as a hopping-transport example in a 3D microporous MOF. | research_0011 |
| Ref. 502014 | High Electrical Conductivity in Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2, a Semiconducting Metal-Organic Graphene Analogue | transport_benchmark · material_familyCited for conductivity of Ni3(HITP)2 and as a major HXTP/HITP conductive MOF example. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 592014 | High Charge Carrier Mobility in Two Dimensional Indium(III) Isophthalic Acid Based Frameworks | FET_benchmark · PMD_strategyUsed in the review's Table 1 as an early PMD-fabricated FET entry. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 632012 | High Charge Mobility in a Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Microporous Metal-Organic Framework | transport_benchmark · 3D_MOFUsed for the first porous conductive 3D MOF example and FP-TRMC intrinsic mobility benchmark. | research_0030 |
| Ref. 782018 | Electron Delocalization and Charge Mobility as a Function of Reduction in a Metal-Organic Framework | redox_modulation · FET_benchmark · anisotropy_caveatUsed for redox-controlled conductivity, electron mobility, and anisotropic charge transport in a 3D MOF FET context. | research_0029 |
| Ref. 822020 | Electrical Conductivity in a Porous, Cubic Rare-Earth Catecholate | isotropic_conduction_contextUsed where the review contrasts anisotropy with the goal of isotropic electrical conduction. | research_0007 |
| Ref. 832016 | Chemical Principles for Electroactive Metal-Organic Frameworks | electronic_structure · DFT_contextUsed for the MOF-5 band-gap and DOS example in Figure 2f. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 852018 | Highly Conducting Neutral Coordination Polymer with Infinite Two-Dimensional Silver-Sulfur Networks | transport_benchmark · interfacial_synthesisUsed for Ag-BHT conductivity and for liquid-liquid interfacial synthesis morphology in Figure 4a. | research_0735 |
| Ref. 862020 | Electronic Structure Modeling of Metal-Organic Frameworks | DFT_context · measurement_interpretationCited for using electronic structure modelling before charge-transport measurements. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 892017 | An Updated Roadmap for the Integration of Metal-Organic Frameworks with Electronic Devices and Chemical Sensors | thin_film_device · sensor_contextSupports the device-integration requirement for controlled working samples. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 922011 | Interfacial Synthesis of Hollow Metal-Organic Framework Capsules Demonstrating Selective Permeability | interfacial_synthesisUsed as a liquid-liquid interfacial synthesis example for uniform MOF membranes. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 932019 | Field Effect Transistor Based on Proton Conductive Metal Organic Framework (CuBTC) | PMD_strategy · FET_benchmarkUsed for the PMD method and Table 1 FET entry based on proton-conductive CuBTC. | research_0162 |
| Ref. 942017 | Layer-by-Layer Assembled Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Nanofilms for Room-Temperature Chemiresistive Sensing | LPE_strategy · sensor_contextUsed for spray LPE growth of conductive MOF nanofilms with controlled thickness and roughness. | research_0115 |
| Ref. 952007 | Step-by-Step Route for the Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks | LPE_strategyCited as the establishment of LPE for surface-supported MOF/CP thin films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 982015 | Chemiresistive Sensor Arrays from Conductive 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks | sensor_benchmarkUsed for conductive 2D MOF sensor arrays and VOC classification performance. | research_0145 |
| Ref. 992019 | Chemiresistive Detection of Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Interrogation of Charge Transport in Cu[Ni(2,3-pyrazinedithiolate)2] by Gas Adsorption | sensor_context · charge_transportUsed for guest-inclusion sensitivity and hydrocarbon sensing in a 3D conductive MOF. | research_0052 |
| Ref. 1002020 | A Dual-Ligand Porous Coordination Polymer Chemiresistor with Modulated Conductivity and Porosity | sensor_benchmark · dual_ligand_designUsed for dual-ligand MOF chemiresistor conductivity, porosity, and NH3 LOD benchmarks. | research_0793 |
| Ref. 1012015 | Cu3(hexaiminotriphenylene)2: An Electrically Conductive 2D Metal-organic Framework for Chemiresistive Sensing | sensor_benchmarkUsed for the Cu3(HITP)2 NH3 chemiresistive detection benchmark. | research_0002 |
| Ref. 1152017 | Porous Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Semiconductive Metal-Organic Framework | FET_benchmark · thin_film_deviceUsed for Ni3(HITP)2 porous MOF FET mobility, on/off ratio, and device fabrication. | research_0015 |
| Ref. 1212007 | Applications for Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Quantum Dot Semiconductors | OPV_contextUsed as one of the earliest porous MOF photoactive-layer examples in photovoltaics. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1222011 | Photochemical Response of Commercial MOFs: Al2(BDC)3 and its Use as Active Material in Photovoltaic Devices | OPV_contextUsed for Al2(BDC)3 photovoltaic active-material discussion and the review's caveat about evidence for semiconductor behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1232014 | Cu-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photovoltaic Application | OPV_benchmark · doping_contextUsed for iodine-doped Cu MOF photovoltaic device conductivity and PCE context. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1242017 | Novel Solid-State Solar Cell Based on Hole-Conducting MOF-Sensitizer Demonstrating Power Conversion Efficiency of 2.1% | OPV_benchmark · hole_transportUsed for Co-DAPV hole mobility and solid-state solar-cell PCE benchmark. | research_0231 |
| Ref. 1252020 | Demonstration of a Broadband Photodetector Based on a Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework | photodetector_benchmarkUsed for proof-of-concept broadband photodetection from a conductive 2D MOF. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1262020 | 2D Semiconducting Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films for Organic Spin Valves | spintronics_benchmark · thin_film_deviceUsed for the first reported 2D conductive MOF organic spin valve demonstration. | research_0129 |
| Ref. 1402018 | Organic Semiconductor Crystals | single_crystal_context · outlookCited as an analogue for why high-quality single crystals can guide MOF/CP transport studies. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1422005 | Hall Effect in the Accumulation Layers on the Surface of Organic Semiconductors | measurement_caveat · mobility_extractionCited in the review's warning that mobility extraction and Hall measurements need standardisation. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1432018 | Critical Assessment of Charge Mobility Extraction in FETs | measurement_caveat · mobility_extractionCited for the review's concern that extracted charge mobility can be erroneous or overestimated. | Unmapped |