Menghua Yang, Ning-Ning Zhu, Yan-Fang Huang, Ji-Miao Xiao, Ying Fang, Zi-Jian Yi, De-Shan Bin, Lin Liu and Dan Li · Science China Materials · 2025
Concise review of two-dimensional conductive MOFs with redox activity as rechargeable-battery electrode materials, covering electron-transport modes, chemical design and synthesis, battery-system applications, storage mechanisms, and challenges.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Reviews 2D c-MOF electrodes and hosts across LIBs, Li-S batteries, SIBs, KIBs, and ZIBs, linking redox-active units, porous reticular frameworks, and stability to charge storage.
Relevance: Core · 729 · Rechargeable battery applications of 2D c-MOFs
Positions 2D c-MOFs as a route from insulating traditional MOFs and soluble organic electrodes toward pristine MOF electrodes combining conductivity, redox activity, porosity, and stability.
Relevance: Core · 724-725 · Introduction
Frames c-MOFs as catalytic conductive porous matrices for Li-air and Zn-air batteries, particularly for oxygen redox kinetics and bifunctional OER/ORR catalysis.
Relevance: Supporting · 736 · Metal-air batteries · Figures 13-14
Printed reference list with article titles, venues, years, volumes, and pages/article numbers; no cited DOIs are printed.
Relevance: Supporting · 740-743 · References
Describes graphene-like 2D coordination-polymer structures, MX4 planar coordination units, ligand redox states, and synthesis routes including solvothermal, interfacial, and post-processing methods.
Relevance: Core · 726 · Chemical structure of 2D c-MOF · Figures 2-4
Summarises measurement needs and practical barriers, including scale-up, low initial Coulombic efficiency, low tap density, additive burden, and cost of ligands/metals.
Relevance: Core · 738-739 · Summary and outlooks
Defines carrier concentration/mobility control of conductivity, distinguishes band and hopping transport, and classifies transport channels as through-bond, through-space, and guest-promoted.
Relevance: Core · 725 · Electronic transport modes of 2D c-MOF · Figure 1
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
The review groups application evidence by battery chemistry and emphasises Na-ion and K-ion systems as more sustainable but harder because of larger ion size.
Categories: LIBs · Li-S batteries · NIBs · KIBs · ZIBs · metal-air batteries
729 · Rechargeable battery applications of 2D c-MOFs
The review defines 2D c-MOFs by layered pi-conjugated frameworks, redox-capable ortho donor linkers, and square-planar metal coordination that generates pi-d conjugation.
Categories: graphene-like conjugated layers · ortho-substituted pi-conjugated planar ligands · planar MX4 metal coordination units
726 · Chemical structure of 2D c-MOF · Figure 2
The review organises synthesis by bulk solvothermal growth, interfacial film/nanowire formation, and post-processing routes such as exfoliation and defect repair.
Categories: solvothermal methods · interface-assisted methods · post-treatment
726 · Synthesis of 2D c-MOF · Figures 3-4
Charge transport can proceed through covalent/coordination bonds, through pi-stacked space pathways, or via host-guest interactions that create new conductive routes.
Categories: through-bond transport · space transport · guest-promoted transport
725-726 · Electronic transport modes of 2D c-MOF · Figure 1b-c
The review distinguishes delocalised band transport from local thermally activated hopping, noting that both may coexist in 2D c-MOFs.
Categories: band transport · hopping transport
725 · Electronic transport modes of 2D c-MOF · Figure 1a
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Benzenehexathiol or related sulfur-donor coordination frameworks where sulfur donors improve delocalisation and conductivity.
Conduction: The review states that sulfur-linked 2D c-MOFs show improved electrical conductivity relative to N/O analogues because sulfur electrons are more delocalised.
Representative materials: Ni-BHT · Cu-BHT · Ag-BHT
Nodes / linkers: Ni2+ · Cu · Ag · benzenehexathiol · thiophenol ligands
728, 731 · Interface-assisted method; Lithium-ion batteries · Figure 8
Extended metal-catecholate networks based on hexahydroxytriphenylene linkers and Co, Ni, or Cu metal centres.
Conduction: Graphene-like conjugated coordination sheets with pi-d orbital overlap and stacked channels; used as model 2D c-MOF family in the review.
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2 · Ni3(HHTP)2 · Co3(HHTP)2
Nodes / linkers: Cu2+ · Ni2+ · Co2+ · HHTP catecholate
727 · Solvothermal method · Figure 3
Frameworks using tetraazanaphthotetraphene, hexaazatrinaphthylene, tricycloquinazoline, or related redox-rich aromatic linkers to increase active-site density.
Conduction: Extended pi conjugation and multiple redox centres are presented as routes to higher capacity and charge mobility.
Representative materials: M3HHTT2 · HATNA-Cu-MOF · Cu-HHTQ
Nodes / linkers: Cu2+ · Ni2+ · Co2+ · Mg2+ · HHTT · HATNA · tricycloquinazoline
728, 731 · Solvothermal method; Lithium-ion batteries · Figures 4 and 7
Nitrogen donor ligand frameworks such as HITP and HAB coordinated to transition metals for conductive, redox-active electrodes.
Conduction: Nitrogen-rich conjugated ligands support electron delocalisation and redox reactions; HAB examples are discussed for Li and Na storage.
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Co-HAB · Ni-HAB
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Co · hexaiminotriphenylene · hexaaminobenzene
727-730 · Solvothermal method; Lithium-ion batteries · Figures 3, 5, 10
Conductive MOF catalysts or catalytic cathodes for Li-O2 and Zn-air batteries, often based on doped HHTP/HTP or TABQ-type structures.
Conduction: Conductivity, porosity, and metal/ligand catalytic sites are connected to oxygen reduction/evolution kinetics and reduced overpotentials.
Representative materials: Co-TABQ · NiRu-HTP · Cu-THQ · [Ni5.7Ru0.3(HHTP)3(H2O)x]n
Nodes / linkers: Co · Ni · Ru · Cu · TABQ · HTP · THQ · HHTP
736-738 · Metal-air batteries · Figures 13-14
Quinone/aza aromatic frameworks designed for sodium and potassium storage using carbonyl or nitrogen-rich redox sites.
Conduction: Regular pore structures and pi-d conjugation are used to accommodate larger Na/K ions or anions while retaining framework stability.
Representative materials: 2D-CuTABQ · 1D-CuTABQ · HAN-Cu-MOF · Cu-HATNH@CNT
Nodes / linkers: Cu2+ · tetraaminobenzoquinone · hexaazanonaphthalene · hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives
733-735 · Sodium-ion batteries; Potassium-ion batteries · Figures 10-11
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Builds conductivity by electroactive pi-stacked fragments, graphene-like pi conjugation, metal-sulfur planes, or guest-enabled donor-acceptor interactions.
Claimed effects: Provides a conceptual design toolbox for improving electrical transport in conductive MOFs.
Controlling variables: ligand conjugation · metal-ligand orbital energy matching · pi-pi stacking · metal-sulfur plane formation · guest molecule placement
Representative materials: TTF-based MOFs · graphene-like pi-conjugated MOFs · copper-sulfur coordination planes · guest-promoted 3D MOFs
Caveat: Conductivity depends on both electronic structure and morphology/measurement quality; review evidence is comparative rather than a universal rule.
726 · Electronic transport modes of 2D c-MOF · Figure 1
Forms 2D c-MOF nanofilms, nanoarrays, or nanowires at liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, or other phase interfaces.
Claimed effects: Can produce smooth, dense, uniform films with controllable thickness and high crystallinity.
Controlling variables: interface type · solvent pair · temperature · reactant concentration · vessel size · inert atmosphere
Representative materials: Ni-BHT · Cu-BHT · Ag-BHT · truxone-Cu MOF · Ni3(HITP)2 film
Caveat: Air sensitivity, direction/thickness control, film roughness, substrate functionalisation, and large-scale production remain limitations.
728-729 · Interface-assisted method · Figure 4c
Selects redox-rich organic ligands and variable-valence metal units to increase charge-storage sites while retaining conductivity and framework insolubility.
Claimed effects: Improves capacity and rate performance by combining active-site density, electronic conduction, and ion transport.
Controlling variables: ligand redox state · donor atoms · metal valence · pore structure · electrolyte compatibility
Representative materials: Cu-THQ · Cu-HHTQ · Co-HAB · 2D-CuTABQ
Caveat: High capacities may be accompanied by low initial Coulombic efficiency or structural/electrolyte constraints.
729-733 · Rechargeable battery applications of 2D c-MOFs · Figures 6-10
Improves traditionally synthesised 2D c-MOFs by reducing layer number, exposing active sites, or healing defective coordination structures.
Claimed effects: Can increase conductivity, surface area, active-site exposure, crystallinity, and electrochemical performance.
Controlling variables: layer number · chemical exfoliant · defect sites · repair linker · solvent safety
Representative materials: Co3(HITP)2 · Mn3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HAB)2
Caveat: Still early-stage; exfoliation can be limited to nanosheets and may use hazardous organic solvents; defect repair addresses only certain defect types.
729 · Post-processing method · Figure 4d
Uses water or organic solvents under elevated temperature and pressure to improve solubility/reactivity and promote crystal nucleation.
Claimed effects: Straightforward synthesis and composition control, but growth is hard to observe and long high-energy reactions constrain scale-up.
Controlling variables: temperature · solvent · surfactant additives · precursor concentration · metal/linker choice
Representative materials: Cu[Cu(pdt)2] · Ni3(HITP)2 · M3HHTT2 · Co-HAB
Caveat: Dependent on reaction conditions and often energy/time intensive.
727-728 · Solvothermal method · Figures 3-4
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Porous 2D c-MOF anodes can suffer low initial Coulombic efficiency because high surface area and low tap density consume irreversible alkali ions to form SEI.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The specific severity is chemistry- and electrolyte-dependent.
739 · Summary and outlooks
Band transport generally gives higher mobility than hopping transport, but both mechanisms can coexist in 2D c-MOFs.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review does not resolve which mechanism dominates for each battery material.
725 · Electronic transport modes of 2D c-MOF · Figure 1a
Electrical conductivity in 2D c-MOFs is interpreted through carrier concentration and mobility of electrons and holes.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review gives the formula as general transport framing, not a material-specific fit.
725 · Electronic transport modes of 2D c-MOF
Proposed improvement directions include cheaper/easier ligands and metals, electron-withdrawing or P-type ligands to improve voltage, multi-redox ligands, DFT/characterisation-guided electrolyte matching, and micropore control.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: These are outlook proposals rather than demonstrated general solutions.
740 · Summary and outlooks
The review defines 2D c-MOFs as graphene-like two-dimensional layer assembly polymers based on planar metal-node/organic-ligand coordination.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Definition emphasises idealised structures; real materials can vary by stacking, crystallinity and defects.
726 · Chemical structure of 2D c-MOF · Figure 2
For Li-S batteries, 2D c-MOFs are interpreted as conductive, porous, metal-site-rich hosts that adsorb and catalyse polysulfide intermediates.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: This is host/catalyst evidence, not a claim that the MOF alone is the active sulfur material.
732 · Lithium-sulfur batteries · Figure 9
Conductivity measurements in c-MOFs are sensitive to material quality and equipment; two-contact, four-contact, four-probe, and Van der Pauw methods suit different resistance regimes.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review gives method guidance but not a harmonised reporting protocol.
738 · Summary and outlooks
The review gives particular importance to NIBs and KIBs because they are more sustainable chemistries but suffer performance penalties from larger Na+ and K+ ions.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Sustainability and performance need more detailed lifecycle and cell-level analysis outside this review.
724 · Abstract
2D c-MOFs are framed as a route to use pristine MOFs directly as active electrodes by combining conductivity, redox activity, porosity, and stability.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review contrasts this with conventional insulating MOFs and MOF-derived composites; primary validation remains material-specific.
724-725 · Introduction
Scale-up remains difficult across solvothermal, interfacial, and post-processing synthesis routes.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Review does not quantify production cost or yield across methods.
739 · Summary and outlooks
Sulfur-linked 2D c-MOFs are reviewed as having improved conductivity relative to nitrogen- and oxygen-linked analogues because sulfur electrons are more delocalised.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Comparative statement is broad and should be checked against primary material families before generalisation.
731 · Lithium-ion batteries · Figure 8
Desired 2D c-MOF structures are chemically sensitive to small variations in coordination, deprotonation, and oxidation conditions.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Stated as a synthesis challenge rather than quantified sensitivity.
726 · Chemical structure of 2D c-MOF · Figure 2c
Effective through-bond transport requires conjugated ligands, suitable metal-ion outer electrons, and metal-ligand orbital overlap/energy matching.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review summarises design requirements qualitatively rather than extracting band structures.
725 · Electronic transport modes of 2D c-MOF
For ZIBs, the review links strong ligand-metal orbital interactions, open channels, layer spacing, and framework stability to Zn2+ storage performance.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The discussion is mainly based on Cu3(HHTP)2 cathode evidence.
735-736 · Zn-ion batteries · Figure 12
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary2D-CuTABQ | Na-ion reversible capacity | 305 mAh g−1 | SIB cathode; 144 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and 80% retention for 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1 also reported Text · Exact Reported | research_0791 | 733 · Sodium-ion batteries · Figure 10e-h |
| SecondaryAg-BHT nanowire films | conductivity | 250 S cm−1 at 300 K | nanowire films at 300 K; toluene/water interface Text · Exact Reported | research_0735 | 729 · Interface-assisted method |
| SecondaryCo3(HITP)2 few-layer nanosheets | conductivity after exfoliation | 67.8 S cm−1 | post-processing exfoliation in n-hexane using n-butyllithium Text · Exact Reported | research_0788 | 729 · Post-processing method |
| SecondaryCo-HAB | electronic conductivity | 1.57 S cm−1 | Co-based 2D conductive MOF with HAB linker Text · Exact Reported | research_0004 | 728, 733 · Solvothermal method; Sodium-ion batteries · Figure 10 |
| SecondaryCo-HAB | Na-ion reversible specific capacity | 291 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 | 50 mA g−1; sodium-ion cathode Text · Exact Reported | research_0004 | 733 · Sodium-ion batteries · Figure 10a-d |
| SecondaryCu-BHT | Li-ion cathode capacity | 232 mAh g−1 | voltage range 1.5-3.0 V vs Li/Li+; high current-density cycling discussed separately Text · Exact Reported | research_0365 | 731 · Lithium-ion batteries · Figure 8 |
| SecondaryCu-HATNH@CNT | K-ion cathode initial capacity | 317.5 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 | 0.1 A g−1; KIB cathode nanocomposite Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 735 · Potassium-ion batteries |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | aqueous Zn-ion cathode reversible capacity | 228 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 | aqueous ZIB cathode; 75.0% retention over 500 cycles Text · Exact Reported | research_0188 | 736 · Zn-ion batteries · Figure 12 |
| SecondaryCu-HHTQ | Li-ion anode reversible capacity | 989 mAh g−1 at 15 mA g−1 | 15 mA g−1; initial Coulombic efficiency 57.6% Text · Exact Reported | research_0803 | 731 · Lithium-ion batteries · Figure 7 |
| SecondaryCu3HHTT2 | in-plane conductivity | approximately 100 S m−1 | redox-active HHTT-based 2D c-MOF Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 728 · Solvothermal method · Figure 4a |
| SecondaryCu-THQ | Li-ion cathode reversible capacity | 387 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 | 50 mA g−1; Li-ion cathode Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 730 · Lithium-ion batteries · Figure 6 |
| SecondaryHAN-Cu-MOF | high-temperature KIB anode initial capacity | 455 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 at 60°C | 60°C; 50 mA g−1; initial Coulombic efficiency 42.7% Text · Exact Reported | research_0812 | 735 · Potassium-ion batteries · Figure 11 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | film conductivity | as high as 40 S cm−1 | film; solvothermal synthesis reported by Dinca and colleagues Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 728 · Solvothermal method · Figure 3 |
| SecondaryNi-HAB | Li-ion cathode specific capacity | 155 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1 | 10 mA g−1, voltage range 2.0-4.5 V vs Li/Li+ Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 730 · Lithium-ion batteries · Figure 5 |
| Secondary[Ni5.7Ru0.3(HHTP)3(H2O)x]n | Zn-air maximum power density | 76 mW cm−2 at 120 mA cm−2 | primary liquid Zn-air battery; compared with Pt/C at 108 mW cm−2 Text · Exact Reported | research_0796 | 738 · Zn-air batteries · Figure 14 |
| SecondaryNiRu-HTP | Li-O2 charge-discharge polarization | 0.76 V | Li-O2 battery cathode; cycle stability over 200 cycles reported Text · Exact Reported | research_0613 | 736-738 · Li-air batteries · Figure 13 |
| SecondaryS@Ni3(HITP)2-CNT | Li-S cathode initial capacity | 1302.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C | 0.2 C; sulfur host cathode Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 732 · Lithium-sulfur batteries · Figure 9a |
| SecondaryZnCo-MOF/S | Li-S cathode reversible capacity | 1076 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C | 0.1 C; 300-cycle lifespan at 0.5 C with 0.048% decay per cycle Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 732 · Lithium-sulfur batteries · Figure 9b-d |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
Conductivity and material-property interpretation depends strongly on sample quality and measurement method.
Proposed direction: Report conductivity with appropriate two-contact/four-contact/four-probe/Van der Pauw context plus structural, surface-area, morphology, composition, and valence-state characterisation.
738 · Summary and outlooks
The availability and cost of ligands and metals for 2D c-MOFs remain barriers to commercial application.
Proposed direction: Use cost-effective, readily available organic ligands, inexpensive metals, and solvent choices compatible with scale-up.
740 · Summary and outlooks
Atomic- and molecular-level electrochemical processes in c-MOF catalysts/electrodes remain insufficiently understood.
Proposed direction: Combine DFT with in situ and ex situ XPS, FTIR, Raman, EPR, and electrochemical characterisation to identify active sites and charge-storage mechanisms.
738 · Summary and outlooks
Interfacial synthesis still struggles with air sensitivity, direction/thickness control, membrane roughness, and substrate requirements.
Proposed direction: Improve interfacial control and membrane morphology while reducing inert-atmosphere and substrate functionalisation constraints.
729 · Interface-assisted method
Porous 2D c-MOF anodes often show low initial Coulombic efficiency due to irreversible ion consumption and SEI formation.
Proposed direction: Control micropore structure, optimise electrolyte selection, and reduce parasitic surface reactions.
739-740 · Summary and outlooks
Large surface area, low tap density, and high inactive conductive additive fractions can reduce practical energy density.
Proposed direction: Develop denser electrode architectures and reduce additive dependence through intrinsically conductive frameworks.
739 · Summary and outlooks
Liquid exfoliation and defect repair remain early-stage, material-limited, and sometimes hazardous.
Proposed direction: Explore safer, streamlined post-processing routes that avoid structural damage, hazardous solvents, and low yields.
729 · Post-processing method
Solvothermal, interfacial, and post-processing synthesis routes are all difficult to scale for practical 2D c-MOF electrode production.
Proposed direction: Develop lower-energy, higher-yield syntheses using inexpensive ligands, easily coordinated metals, safer solvents, and more controllable growth conditions.
739-740 · Summary and outlooks
The review notes that 2D c-MOF cathodes can have short cycle life and much lower voltage platforms than traditional cathodes.
Proposed direction: Introduce electron-withdrawing groups or design P-type ligands to improve voltage platform while retaining conductivity.
739-740 · Summary and outlooks
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 72022 | Atomic ruthenium-riveted metal-organic framework with tunable d-band modulates oxygen redox for lithium-oxygen batteries | metal_air_benchmark · oxygen_redoxUsed as the review's Li-O2 example where Ru sites in Ni-HTP reduce charge-discharge polarisation and improve cycling. | research_0613 |
| Ref. 142023 | Template-free synthesis of hollow carbon-based nanostructures from MOFs for rechargeable battery applications | outlook_caveat · battery_backgroundCited in the review's outlook discussion of irreversible ion consumption and SEI formation in porous anodes. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 242021 | Immobilizing redox-active tricycloquinazoline into a 2D conductive metal-organic framework for lithium storage | lithium_storage · secondary_benchmark · multi_redox_ligandSupports review discussion of Cu-HHTQ as a high-capacity Li-storage anode with TQ and CuO4 redox sites. | research_0803 |
| Ref. 262024 | Conductive metal-organic framework with superior redox activity as a stable high-capacity anode for high-temperature K-ion batteries | potassium_storage · secondary_benchmark · outlook_caveatUsed for high-temperature KIB anode performance and for the review's caveat that initial Coulombic efficiency needs improvement. | research_0812 |
| Ref. 272020 | A redox-active 2D metal-organic framework for efficient lithium storage with extraordinary high capacity | lithium_storage · secondary_benchmark · mechanismSupports review discussion of Cu-THQ Li insertion/extraction, CuO4/TQ redox mechanisms, and high reversible capacity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 412021 | 2D conductive metal-organic frameworks: an emerging platform for electrochemical energy storage | review_background · scope_definitionSupports introduction framing of 2D c-MOF advantages and electrochemical energy storage relevance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 432020 | Electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks | transport_mechanisms · review_backgroundUsed for transport pathway classification and conductive MOF background. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 492022 | Conductive metal-organic frameworks for supercapacitors | synthesis_caveat · review_backgroundCited in synthesis/outlook discussion of solvothermal limitations and energy/scale-up challenges. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 502020 | Conductive metal-organic frameworks: design, synthesis, and applications | transport_equation · review_backgroundCited for the conductivity relationship between carrier concentration and mobility. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 512011 | Electronic transport in organic materials: comparison of band theory with percolation/(variable range) hopping theory | transport_mechanismsSupports band versus hopping transport framing adopted by the review. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 522021 | Recent advances in the development of electronically and ionically conductive metal-organic frameworks | transport_mechanisms · mixed_conduction_contextSupports review framing of transport mechanisms in conductive MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 562021 | Recent development and applications of electrical conductive MOFs | transport_mechanisms · review_backgroundSupports statement that band and hopping mechanisms can coexist. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 572021 | Conductive metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical energy conversion and storage | transport_mechanisms · energy_storage_reviewSupports coexistence of transport mechanisms and broader electrochemical storage context. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 582019 | Redox-active metal-organic frameworks for energy conversion and storage | transport_figure · redox_active_mofsSource for the review's schematic of band/hopping and through-bond/space pathways. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 592014 | High electrical conductivity in Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2, a semiconducting metal-organic graphene analogue | conductivity_benchmark · historical_developmentUsed for the review's Ni3(HITP)2 conductivity benchmark and graphene-like 2D c-MOF development. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 602015 | Million-fold electrical conductivity enhancement in Fe2(DEBDC) versus Mn2(DEBDC) (E = S, O) | metal_ligand_matching · conductivityCited for softer electropositive linkers and metal-ligand orbital matching in through-bond transport. | research_0063 |
| Ref. 782018 | Superconductivity in a copper(II)-based coordination polymer with perfect kagome structure | conductivity_benchmark · framework_designCited for the review's statement that graphene-like pi-conjugated structures can reach very high conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 792016 | Two soluble polymers with lower ionization potentials: doping and thermoelectric properties | structure_definitionCited in the review's structural definition of pi-conjugated planar molecules and donor substituents. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 802014 | Redox control and high conductivity of nickel bis(dithiolene) complex pi-nanosheet: a potential organic two-dimensional topological insulator | structure_definition · redox_mechanismCited for redox-active ligand/coordination-unit discussion and Cu-BHT mechanism comparison. | research_0361 |
| Ref. 812021 | Conjugated coordination polymers as electrodes for rechargeable batteries | synthesis_mechanism · battery_reviewSource for Figure 2 formation process and redox-active ligand discussion. | research_0058 |
| Ref. 892009 | Electroconductive porous coordination polymer Cu[Cu(pdt)2] composed of donor and acceptor building units | historical_development · conductivity_benchmarkUsed as the review's earliest c-MOF synthesis example. | research_0201 |
| Ref. 902021 | Atomically precise single-crystal structures of electrically conducting 2D metal-organic frameworks | synthesis_strategy · conductivity_benchmarkSupports HHTT-based 2D c-MOF synthesis and in-plane conductivity benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 912018 | Stabilization of hexaaminobenzene in a 2D conductive metal-organic framework for high power sodium storage | sodium_storage · secondary_benchmark · synthesis_strategyUsed for Co-HAB conductivity and Na-ion capacity/rate performance in the review. | research_0004 |
| Ref. 942024 | Anchoring pi-d conjugated metal-organic frameworks with dual-active centers on carbon nanotubes for advanced potassium-ion batteries | potassium_storage · secondary_benchmarkSupports KIB cathode benchmark for a dual-active-centre c-MOF on CNTs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 962021 | Synthesis of 2D porous crystalline materials in simulated microgravity | synthesis_caveat · scale_upCited with solvothermal energy/scale-up limitations in the review. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 982013 | pi-Conjugated nickel bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheet | interfacial_synthesis · sulfur_linkerUsed for water-dichloromethane interfacial synthesis of Ni-BHT films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 992015 | A two-dimensional pi-d conjugated coordination polymer with extremely high electrical conductivity and ambipolar transport behaviour | interfacial_synthesis · conductivityUsed for interfacial synthesis of Cu-BHT films and high-crystallinity layered structures. | research_0006 |
| Ref. 1002018 | Highly conducting neutral coordination polymer with infinite two-dimensional silver-sulfur networks | interfacial_synthesis · conductivity_benchmarkSupports Ag-BHT nanowire conductivity benchmark from interfacial synthesis. | research_0735 |
| Ref. 1012017 | Porous field-effect transistors based on a semiconductive metal-organic framework | interfacial_synthesis · thin_filmsUsed for gas-liquid interfacial fabrication of smooth self-standing Ni3(HITP)2 films. | research_0015 |
| Ref. 1022021 | Truxone-based conductive metal-organic frameworks for the oxygen reductive reaction | interfacial_synthesis · redox_active_frameworkUsed as interface-assisted synthesis example with carbonyl redox groups and conductivity. | research_0209 |
| Ref. 1032018 | Bottom-up fabrication of semiconductive metal-organic framework ultrathin films | interfacial_synthesis · scale_up_caveatCited for interfacial synthesis limitations including roughness, substrate functionalisation and gaseous linker constraints. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1052021 | The different roles of cobalt and manganese in metal-organic frameworks for supercapacitors | post_processing · secondary_benchmarkUsed for exfoliation of multilayered c-MOFs into few-layer nanosheets and resulting surface-area/conductivity increases. | research_0788 |
| Ref. 1062021 | Enhancing electrical conductivity of semiconducting MOFs via defect healing | post_processing · defect_repairUsed for defect repair post-processing and conductivity improvement after same-linker repair. | research_0023 |
| Ref. 1072019 | A highly conductive MOF of graphene analogue Ni3(HITP)2 as a sulfur host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries | lithium_sulfur · secondary_benchmark · host_materialUsed for Li-S host performance, sulfur confinement, LiPS adsorption/catalysis, and capacity benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1132018 | Multielectron-transfer-based rechargeable energy storage of two-dimensional coordination frameworks with non-innocent ligands | lithium_storage · secondary_benchmark · non_innocent_ligandUsed for Ni-HAB lithium cathode capacity and cation/anion insertion mechanism. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1152020 | Highly conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks for resilient lithium storage with superb rate capability | lithium_storage · secondary_benchmark · sulfur_linkerSupports Cu-BHT conductivity, capacity, and ligand-centred redox mechanism in Li storage. | research_0365 |
| Ref. 1192023 | Bimetal-organic framework nanoboxes enable accelerated redox kinetics and polysulfide trapping for lithium-sulfur batteries | lithium_sulfur · secondary_benchmark · polysulfide_trappingUsed for bimetallic MOF nanobox Li-S cathode capacity, polysulfide trapping, and cycle decay benchmark. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1212023 | Framework dimensional control boosting charge storage in conjugated coordination polymers | sodium_storage · secondary_benchmark · dimensionality_controlSupports TABQ-based framework dimensionality control and 2D-CuTABQ Na-ion performance. | research_0791 |
| Ref. 1352019 | Conductive 2D metal-organic framework for high-performance cathodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries | zinc_storage · secondary_benchmarkUsed for aqueous ZIB Cu3(HHTP)2 cathode capacity, pseudocapacitance mechanism, and CuO4 redox attribution. | research_0188 |
| Ref. 1452020 | Conductive MOFs as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for all-solid-state Zn-air batteries | zinc_air · secondary_benchmark · oxygen_electrocatalysisUsed for Ru-doped c-MOF bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst performance in Zn-air batteries. | research_0796 |