Chunsheng Wu, Pengbiao Geng, Guangxun Zhang, Xinran Li, and Huan Pang · Small · 2024
Review recent synthesis strategies, conductivity design factors, measurement issues, and electrochemical applications of conductive metal-organic frameworks.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Covers lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, zinc-ion and zinc-air batteries with emphasis on porous redox frameworks, ion transport and cycling stability limitations.
Relevance: Supporting · 30 · 4.3. Conductive MOFs for Batteries
Organises conductivity design around ligand class, metal ion identity/valence and morphology, supported by Table 1 benchmarks.
Relevance: Core · 5 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1
Reviews HER, OER and ORR applications, stressing exposed metal sites, conductivity, ligand electronic effects and stability/reconstruction caveats.
Relevance: Supporting · 20 · 4.1. Conductive MOFs for Electrocatalysis
Defines conductive MOFs against conventional insulating MOFs, distinguishes proton- and electron-conductive MOFs, and introduces transport modes and applications.
Relevance: Core · 1 · 1. Introduction · Figure 1
Summarises conductivity measurement methods and warns that contact resistance, sample morphology, environment and current density affect reported values.
Relevance: Core · 3 · 2. Conductivity Measurements of Conductive MOFs · Figure 3
Synthesises advantages, limitations and future directions, including standardised conductivity measurement, new ligands, mixed-valence/doped metals and underused film methods.
Relevance: Core · 41 · 5. Summary and Outlook
Summarises sensor advantages from conductivity, porosity and active sites, while noting instability and selectivity challenges.
Relevance: Supporting · 38 · 4.4. Conductive MOFs for Electrochemical Sensors
Frames conductive MOFs as double-layer and pseudocapacitive materials where conductivity, redox ligands and in situ substrate growth control performance.
Relevance: Supporting · 26 · 4.2. Conductive MOFs for Supercapacitors
Compares hydrothermal/solvothermal and interface-assisted synthesis, then reviews gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, Langmuir-Blodgett, MiCS, layer-by-layer epitaxy, CVD and electrochemical film growth.
Relevance: Core · 10 · 3.2. Synthesis of Conductive MOFs
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
Applications are organised around electrocatalytic reactions, charge-storage devices and sensing platforms.
Categories: HER · OER · ORR · supercapacitors · batteries · electrochemical sensors
19 · 4. Electrochemical Application of Conductive MOFs
Ligand families are used to organise how delocalisation, coordination polarity, heteroatom effects and limited conjugation influence transport.
Categories: pi-conjugated ligands · aromatic carbonyl ligands · heteroatom-functionalized ligands · rigid bidentate/polydentate ligands
5 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands
The review treats method choice as central to comparability because contact resistance and sample geometry can dominate reported conductivity.
Categories: two-contact probe · four-contact probe · four-point probe · van der Pauw
4 · 2. Conductivity Measurements of Conductive MOFs · Figure 3
Conductivity values are interpreted as sample-form dependent, with grain boundaries and anisotropy penalising pellets and polycrystalline films.
Categories: pressed pellets · polycrystalline films · single-domain films · single crystals
4 · 2. Conductivity Measurements of Conductive MOFs
The review distinguishes bulk/single-crystal approaches from film-oriented interfacial and deposition approaches.
Categories: hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis · interface-assisted synthesis · Langmuir-Blodgett method · layer-by-layer liquid phase epitaxy · chemical vapor deposition · electrochemical synthesis · microfluidic solution shearing
10 · 3.2. Synthesis of Conductive MOFs
The review distinguishes chemical transfer through bonds or through space from physical band and hopping descriptions.
Categories: through space · through bond · band theory · hopping theory
2 · 1. Introduction · Figure 1
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Thiolate and dithiolene-linked frameworks where metal-sulfur units support high conductivity and catalytic or battery function.
Conduction: High reported conductivities are attributed to strong metal-thiolate orbital interactions and band-like behaviour in selected cases.
Representative materials: Cu-BHT · Ni-BHT · Co-THT · Fe-THT
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · Co · Fe · Pd · BHT · THT
16 · 3.2.2. Interface-Assisted Synthesis · Figure 8
Nitrogen-rich frameworks based on hexaaminobenzene or hexaiminobenzene linkers.
Conduction: The review highlights dense redox sites, nitrogen active sites, and sensitivity to crystallinity and disorder.
Representative materials: Ni3(HAB)2 · Cu3(HAB)2 · Co-HAB · Ni-HIB
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Co · HAB · HIB
14 · 3.2.2. Interface-Assisted Synthesis
Layered 2D frameworks built from triphenylene-type pi-conjugated ligands and transition metals.
Conduction: The review links transport to pi-d conjugation, orbital stacking and, in films, grain-boundary and thickness effects.
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HHTP)2 · Ni-CAT · Cu-CAT
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Cu · Co · Fe · HITP · HHTP · CAT
10 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis · Figure 4
Thermally and chemically stable conductive or semiconducting phosphonate MOFs built from organophosphate ligands.
Conduction: The review presents phosphonate frameworks as stable semiconducting/conductive examples with direction-dependent conductivity.
Representative materials: TUB75 · TUB40
Nodes / linkers: Cu · NDPA · phosphonate
12 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
Planar phthalocyanine-based 2D conductive MOFs where the motif acts as both linker and electrocatalytic site.
Conduction: The review connects AA stacking, electronic-site modulation and bimetallic synergy to OER performance.
Representative materials: NiPc-MOF · NiPc-Ni · NiPc-NiFex
Nodes / linkers: Ni · Fe · Cu · NiPc · phthalocyanine
23 · 4.1.2. Oxygen Evolution Reaction · Figure 14
Frameworks based on quinone, triphenylene carbonyl or nitrogen-rich heteroaromatic ligands with redox-active sites.
Conduction: Carbonyl and heteroaromatic ligands alter charge density, provide redox storage sites and can support low band gaps.
Representative materials: Fe-THQ · Cu-THQ · Cu-HHTQ · Cu-HATN
Nodes / linkers: Fe · Cu · Ni · THQ · HHTQ · HATN · HAHATN
12 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis · Figure 5
Microporous M2(TTFTB) frameworks where metal-ion radius tunes through-space orbital overlap.
Conduction: The review interprets conductivity differences as arising from metal-ion radius shortening S-S distances and increasing sulfur orbital overlap.
Representative materials: Cd2(TTFTB) · Mn2(TTFTB) · Co2(TTFTB)
Nodes / linkers: Cd · Mn · Co · Zn · TTFTB
12 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
CVD avoids solvent interference, while electrochemical synthesis dissolves Cu from an anode and coordinates migrating ligand ions to produce films on foil.
Claimed effects: Can produce ordered films, controllable thickness/morphology and flexible electrodes.
Controlling variables: CVD temperature · applied voltage · metal dissociation rate · ligand migration rate
Representative materials: Cu-THQ · Cu3(HHTP)2
Caveat: High electrochemical voltage promotes bulk crystallite aggregation; CVD and electrochemical methods remain relatively underused.
19 · 3.2.7. Electrochemical synthesis · Figure 11
Metal ions in aqueous phase bridge hydrophobic planar ligands at the interface to form oriented thin films or nanosheets.
Claimed effects: Can yield high crystallinity, uniaxial orientation and controlled film thickness for flexible thin-film devices.
Controlling variables: aqueous metal-ion concentration · ligand solubility · surface pressure · film thickness
Representative materials: M-HAB · Ni-HITP
Caveat: Large-area synthesis and thermal stability remain challenges; thickness must be balanced against high conductivity.
14 · Gas-Liquid Interface-Assisted Synthesis · Figure 7
Bulk crystallisation under solvent, heat and pressure to obtain microcrystalline products or single crystals suitable for structural analysis.
Claimed effects: Can tune morphology, size and crystal structure; suited to single crystals rather than large-area thin films.
Controlling variables: reaction temperature · solvent polarity · metal-to-ligand ratio · metal ion identity
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu3(HHTP)2 · Fe-THQ · M2(TTFTB)
Caveat: High-temperature and high-pressure crystallisation is described as less suitable for fabricating conductive MOF films.
13 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
Uses amphiphilic ligands compressed at a water surface to form monomolecular membranes that coordinate with metal ions.
Claimed effects: Improves film uniformity and thickness control relative to some liquid-liquid films.
Controlling variables: surface compression · ligand amphiphilicity · metal ions in aqueous phase · transfer to substrate
Representative materials: Cu-HHTP · THT-Ni 2DSP
Caveat: Improved film quality does not guarantee high conductivity; one Cu-HHTP film was much less conductive than corresponding single crystals.
18 · 3.2.3. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Figure 10
Self-assembly at an interface between immiscible organic and aqueous phases to form conductive MOF films.
Claimed effects: Can generate micrometre-scale conductive MOF films and is contrasted with gas-liquid methods.
Controlling variables: organic phase composition · aqueous metal precursor · interfacial assembly conditions · film crystallinity
Representative materials: Ni-BHT · Cu-BHT · Co-THT · Fe-THT
Caveat: Some films exhibit disorder, poor crystallinity or lower conductivity than single crystals.
17 · Liquid-Liquid Interface Assisted Synthesis · Figure 9
Sequential substrate immersion in metal precursor, ligand solution and washing solvent regulates MOF film growth.
Claimed effects: Increasing film thickness can strongly enhance conductivity by reducing grain-boundary effects during growth.
Controlling variables: immersion time · immersion frequency · substrate functional groups · growth cycles
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2
Caveat: The example conductivity remains modest despite large relative enhancement.
19 · 3.2.5. Layer-by-layer liquid phase epitaxy method · Figure 10
A blade/substrate shearing process creates a curved gas-liquid interface for scalable conductive MOF film growth and nanoparticle embedding.
Claimed effects: Supports large-area, high-quality nanoscale thin films and simultaneous nanoparticle decoration.
Controlling variables: blade movement · mixed ligand-metal solution · substrate · shearing speed
Representative materials: Pt@Cu3(HHTP)2
Caveat: The review notes that conductivity of Pt@Cu3(HHTP)2 films was not reported.
19 · 3.2.4. Microfluidic channel embedding solution shearing · Figure 10
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Most reported conductive MOFs are 2D structures, while 3D conductive MOFs remain rare.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The statement reflects the review's 2023 literature horizon.
11 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
Conductive MOFs are framed as battery electrodes because redox-active sites, porosity and conductivity can support ion intercalation and charge transfer.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Cycling stability, low conductivity relative to commercial electrodes and structural damage remain limiting.
30 · 4.3.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
Conductive MOFs are porous frameworks formed from metal ions and highly conjugated organic ligands, with carrier density and orbital overlap central to conductivity.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is the review's framing definition, not a single primary result.
1 · Abstract
Conductivity measurements should control atmosphere, humidity, temperature and illumination because these variables can alter carrier concentration, redox state or transient states.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Specific environmental sensitivities vary by framework.
4 · 2. Conductivity Measurements of Conductive MOFs
For HER catalysts, conductive MOFs can show high activity but may suffer poor stability from redox-driven ligand reduction or oxidation at metal sites.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review calls for future stability-focused HER research.
23 · 4.1.1. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Interfacial-assisted synthesis is highlighted as a route to large-area, high-crystallinity conductive MOF films with fewer grain boundaries than pressed-powder films.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Large-area quality, thermal stability and film defects remain unresolved.
13 · 3.2.2. Interface-Assisted Synthesis
The review favours intrinsically conductive MOFs over carbonisation or conductive-polymer encapsulation because post-processing can undermine MOF advantages.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The statement is broad and comparative; primary evidence should be checked for specific systems.
1 · 1. Introduction
Ohm's law should not be applied naively at high current density in conductive MOFs; low-current measurements and contact-resistance controls are recommended.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Recommendation is methodological and may depend on material class and measurement geometry.
4 · 2. Conductivity Measurements of Conductive MOFs · Figure 3
Metal identity, valence and ionic radius can tune electron transfer by changing d-orbital occupancy, inter-valence transfer and linker-linker distances.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review frames this as design logic; local optimisation is material-specific.
5 · 3.1.2. Choosing of metal ions
Morphology affects conductivity through competing effects of grain boundaries, defects, surface area, orientation and one-dimensional pathways.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Large surface area can either introduce scattering defects or improve impurity doping, depending on the system.
10 · 3.1.3. Morphology
The review cautions that OER-active conductive MOFs can undergo electrochemical reconstruction, so active-site assignments require proof that properties have not changed.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: Many reports apparently omit reconstruction analysis.
25 · 4.1.2. Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Continuous pi-electron systems are presented as advantageous for high conductivity because they support delocalisation and narrower band gaps.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Conductivity still depends on metal nodes, crystallinity and morphology.
5 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands
Reported conductivity depends strongly on whether samples are pellets, polycrystalline films, single-domain films or single crystals.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review's summary warns against comparing values without sample form and direction.
4 · 2. Conductivity Measurements of Conductive MOFs
Conductive MOFs are attractive sensor materials but still face practical limits from environmental instability, conductivity below inorganic conductors and selectivity in complex analyte mixtures.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review focuses on electrochemical sensors, not all sensing modalities.
41 · 4.4. Conductive MOFs for Electrochemical Sensors
Single crystals tend to show higher conductivity than polycrystalline films because grain boundaries and disorder impede electron migration.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Single crystals and single-domain films are difficult to fabricate, limiting device applicability.
11 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
For supercapacitors, the review argues conductive MOFs should be grown in situ on conductive substrates to preserve conductivity and 2D properties.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Substrate morphology can constrain generality across conductive MOF families.
30 · 4.2. Conductive MOFs for Supercapacitors
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryCd2(TTFTB) | electrical conductivity | 2.86 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 | review text example Text · Exact Reported | research_0353 | 1 · 1. Introduction |
| SecondaryCo-HAB | sodium-ion battery specific capacity | 291 mAh g^-1 at 50 mA g^-1 | assembled sodium-ion battery, 50 mA g^-1 Text · Exact Reported | research_0004 | 35 · 4.3.3. Sodium-Ion Batteries · Figure 24 |
| SecondaryCu3(BHT)2 | electrical conductivity | 1.58 x 10^5 S m^-1 | film, 4-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0006 | 8 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu-BHT | electron mobility | 116 cm^2 V^-1 s^-1 | Table 1 film benchmark Table · Exact Reported | research_0006 | 8 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu-HHTC | electrical conductivity | 3.02 x 10^-1 S m^-1 | pellet, 4-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0025 | 6 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | electrical conductivity | 8.7 S m^-1 | electrochemically synthesised film, 2-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0076 | 6 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | electrical conductivity | 2.1 x 10^-3 S m^-1 | film, 2-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0263 | 6 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | zinc-ion battery specific capacity | 228 mAh g^-1 at 50 mA g^-1 | aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode Text · Exact Reported | research_0188 | 36 · 4.3.4. Zinc-Ion Batteries · Figure 25 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTQ)2 | electrical conductivity | 100 S m^-1 | single crystal, 4-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 7 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(HIB)2 | electrical conductivity | 1.3 x 10^3 S m^-1 | pellet, van der Pauw; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 7 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu3(HITP)2 | electrical conductivity | 1.5 x 10^2 S m^-1 | isolated rod, 4-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0005 | 6 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu[Cu(pdt)2] | electrical conductivity | 6 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 at room temperature | room temperature Text · Exact Reported | research_0201 | 1 · 1. Introduction |
| SecondaryCu-THQ | activation energy | 2.96 eV | Table 1 value for Cu-THQ film Table · Exact Reported | research_0142 | 7 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu-THQ | electrical conductivity | 9.295 x 10^3 S m^-1 | film, 4-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0142 | 7 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu-THQ-based sensor | paraoxon detection limit | 0.37 ng ml^-1 | electrochemical sensor Text · Exact Reported | research_0810 | 40 · 4.4. Conductive MOFs for Electrochemical Sensors |
| SecondaryFe-THQ | electrical conductivity | 3.3 +/- 0.55 mS cm^-1 at 300 K | 300 K Text · Exact Reported | research_0066 | 12 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis · Figure 5 |
| SecondaryNi3(HIB)2 | electrical conductivity | 8 x 10^2 S m^-1 | pellet, van der Pauw; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 7 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | electrical conductivity | 4 x 10^3 S m^-1 | film, van der Pauw; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 6 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryNi-HITP nanosheets | electrical conductivity | 0.6 S cm^-1 | approximately 14 nm gas-liquid interface nanosheets Text · Exact Reported | research_0094 | 14 · Gas-Liquid Interface-Assisted Synthesis · Figure 7 |
| SecondaryNi-HITP sensor | pressure sensitivity | 61.61 kPa^-1 | microstructured cellulose membrane substrate; pressure sensing Text · Exact Reported | research_0723 | 41 · 4.4. Conductive MOFs for Electrochemical Sensors |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | electrical conductivity | 0.13 S m^-1 | isolated rod, 4-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0005 | 6 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryTUB40 | electrical conductivity | 1.42 x 10^2 S m^-1 | pellet, 2-probe; Table 1 Table · Exact Reported | research_0543 | 9 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
| SecondaryTUB75 | electrical conductivity | 10^-3-10^3 S m^-1 | direction-dependent room-temperature conductivity; Table 1/text Table · Range | research_0517 | 9 · 3.1.1. Choosing of Ligands · Table 1 |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
The review notes that most conductive MOFs are 2D and that 3D conductive MOFs are still rare.
Proposed direction: Use 3D framework design and mixed-valence/redox hopping concepts to expand dimensionality beyond layered systems.
11 · 3.2.1. Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
Conductive MOF devices often show poor cycling stability due to weak coordination bonds and environmental sensitivity.
Proposed direction: Prioritise framework stability, protective architectures and long-cycle device testing.
41 · 5. Summary and Outlook
High-quality large-area conductive MOF films remain difficult, and no effective method is identified for preparing large single-crystal films.
Proposed direction: Advance film-growth methods that suppress grain boundaries and defects over device-scale areas.
41 · 5. Summary and Outlook
The review states that conductive MOF exploration remains in its infancy because only a few linker/transition-metal combinations have been recorded.
Proposed direction: Develop new ligands and broader metal-node combinations, supported by computational design.
41 · 5. Summary and Outlook
The review identifies a lack of uniform conductivity measurement methods and insufficient reporting of activation energy and mobility.
Proposed direction: Unify measurement protocols and report conductivity together with activation energy, mobility, sample geometry and environment.
41 · 5. Summary and Outlook · Table 1
Electrochemical reconstruction in OER environments is not mentioned in most reports, making active-site assignments uncertain.
Proposed direction: Use operando or post-reaction characterisation before assigning intrinsic OER active sites.
25 · 4.1.2. Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Temperature, pH, mechanical force and applied voltage can degrade conductive MOF activity and stability in practical applications.
Proposed direction: Design more robust coordination environments and test under realistic operating conditions.
41 · 5. Summary and Outlook
Solution shearing, electrochemical synthesis, liquid phase epitaxial growth and CVD are described as rarely reported; physical vapour deposition has not been used.
Proposed direction: Explore underused deposition methods for conductive MOF films, including physical vapour deposition where chemically plausible.
42 · 5. Summary and Outlook
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 232023 | Title unavailable | supercapacitor_substrate · transport_benchmarkUsed for conductive MOF micro-supercapacitors and compressed Ni-CAT conductivity. | research_0740 |
| Ref. 252009 | Title unavailable | historical_transport_benchmark · through_bondEarly conductive MOF example used for through-bond transport framing. | research_0201 |
| Ref. 262015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · metal_radius_effectCited for TTFTB frameworks where metal-ion radius changes through-space overlap and conductivity. | research_0353 |
| Ref. 272020 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · three_dimensional_mofCited for 3D Fe-THQ conductivity, redox hopping and air/reduction effects. | research_0066 |
| Ref. 282015 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · high_conductivityCited for highly conductive Cu-BHT films with reported mobility and low-temperature behaviour. | research_0006 |
| Ref. 342019 | Title unavailable | sample_form_effect · single_crystalCited for single-crystal versus polycrystalline-film transport comparisons. | research_0005 |
| Ref. 352017 | Title unavailable | gas_liquid_interface · thin_filmCited for gas-liquid interface preparation of M-HAB nanosheets. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 362017 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · hab_frameworkCited for HAB/HIB conductive frameworks and metallic band structures. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 372020 | Title unavailable | phosphonate_mof · transport_benchmarkCited for semiconducting magnetic phosphonate MOF TUB75. | research_0517 |
| Ref. 382021 | Title unavailable | phosphonate_mof · transport_benchmarkCited for conductive phosphonate MOF TUB40. | research_0543 |
| Ref. 392022 | Title unavailable | morphology_effect · transport_benchmarkCited for particle size, surface area and conductivity links in Cu-HHTC. | research_0025 |
| Ref. 402021 | Title unavailable | anisotropic_transport · ligand_designCited for balancing in-plane and out-of-plane transport in 2D conductive MOFs. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 422018 | Title unavailable | interfacial_film · crystallinityCited for interfacial-assisted film crystallinity and conductivity discussion. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 482019 | Title unavailable | thin_film · interfacial_synthesisCited for Ni-HITP film thickness and conductivity in gas-liquid interface context. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 492021 | Title unavailable | thin_film · transport_benchmarkCited for approximately 14 nm Ni-HITP nanosheets and interlayer conduction. | research_0094 |
| Ref. 582013 | Title unavailable | liquid_liquid_interface · bht_frameworkCited for preparation of Ni-BHT via liquid-liquid interface. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 612017 | Title unavailable | pi_conjugated_ligand · herCited for metal-dithioalkene MOFs and conductivity/temperature behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 622019 | Title unavailable | pi_conjugated_ligand · transport_benchmarkCited for Fe-THT thin films and metal-like temperature behaviour. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 632018 | Title unavailable | langmuir_blodgett · interfacial_filmCited for Cu-HHTP films prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett and liquid-liquid methods. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 642021 | Title unavailable | mics · thin_filmCited for MiCS-enabled Pt nanoparticle embedding in conductive MOF films. | research_0257 |
| Ref. 652022 | Title unavailable | liquid_phase_epitaxy · transport_benchmarkCited for layer-by-layer liquid phase epitaxy and thickness-dependent conductivity. | research_0263 |
| Ref. 662022 | Title unavailable | chemical_vapor_deposition · transport_benchmarkCited for CVD Cu-THQ films and conductivity/activation-energy example. | research_0142 |
| Ref. 802021 | Title unavailable | electrochemical_synthesis · thin_filmCited for electrochemical synthesis of conductive MOF films on Cu foil. | research_0076 |
| Ref. 1062015 | Title unavailable | her · langmuir_blodgettCited for ultrathin THT-Ni supramolecular polymer sheets used for HER. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1092021 | Title unavailable | humidity_or_environment · herCited in environmental and HER sections for conductive MOF sensitivity and catalytic modification context. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1482020 | Title unavailable | defects · orrCited for ORR performance and defect/crystallinity influence in Ni-HIB. | research_0579 |
| Ref. 1662020 | Title unavailable | supercapacitor · pseudocapacitanceCited for pseudocapacitive conductive MOF supercapacitor electrode strategies. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1702019 | Title unavailable | supercapacitor_substrate · flexible_filmsCited for cellulose-nanofiber supported conductive MOF nanopapers. | research_0174 |
| Ref. 1742023 | Title unavailable | battery_contextCited for conductive MOFs as battery electrode materials. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1852021 | Title unavailable | battery_transportCited for porosity and conductivity facilitating lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 1872021 | Title unavailable | battery_benchmark · redox_frameworkCited for Cu-HHTQ lithium storage and temperature-dependent conductivity. | research_0803 |
| Ref. 2102018 | Title unavailable | sodium_ion_battery · benchmarkCited for Co-HAB sodium-ion storage and conductivity. | research_0004 |
| Ref. 2172019 | Title unavailable | zinc_ion_battery · benchmarkCited for Cu3(HHTP)2 aqueous zinc-ion cathode behaviour. | research_0188 |
| Ref. 2262014 | Title unavailable | transport_benchmark · hitp_frameworkCited in Table 1 for Ni3(HITP)2 film and pellet conductivity. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2352023 | Title unavailable | morphology_effect · sensorCited for nanowire or hierarchical film morphology and mass-transport effects in sensing. | research_0557 |
| Ref. 2392022 | Title unavailable | sensor_benchmarkCited for Cu-THQ paraoxon electrochemical sensor detection limit. | research_0810 |
| Ref. 2412022 | Title unavailable | flexible_sensor · thermoelectric_transportCited for dual pressure and temperature sensor based on Ni-HITP and cellulose membrane. | research_0723 |
| Ref. 2422016 | Title unavailable | measurement_methodCited for conductivity measurement caveats and Ohm's-law interpretation. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2432020 | Title unavailable | measurement_methodCited for conductivity measurement methods such as probes and van der Pauw. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 2452021 | Title unavailable | measurement_method · morphology_effectCited for environmental and morphology effects on conductivity measurements. | Unmapped |