Wentao Liu, Guoqiang Yuan, Shu Jiang, Yuxin Shi, and Huan Pang · Chemistry-A European Journal · 2024
Review preparation methods for 2D conductive MOF thin films and summarise their electrochemical applications, while identifying remaining challenges in controllable synthesis, conductivity, scalability, and device integration.
The review’s argument is preserved as a navigable set of section summaries.
Reviews film use in FETs, supercapacitors, batteries, electrocatalysis, and sensors, focusing on how nanofilm form improves surface access, transport, and device integration.
Relevance: Core · 9 · 3. The Applications of 2D Conductive MOF Thin Films in Electrochemistry · Figures 9-14
Separates liquid-liquid and gas-liquid routes; interfaces provide confined 2D growth and facilitate film transfer, but tradeoffs differ for stability, transferability, and process sensitivity.
Relevance: Core · 5 · 2.2. Interface-Assisted Synthesis · Figure 3
Introduces MOF conductivity limitations, early conductive MOF milestones, dimensionality definitions, and the motivation for film forms in miniaturised devices.
Relevance: Core · 2 · 1. Introduction
Reviews air-water interface formation and transfer of monolayer/multilayer films, emphasising order, uniformity, thickness control, and substrate transfer.
Relevance: Core · 4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Figure 2
Covers cycle-controlled growth on functionalised substrates, gas-phase routes with domain/roughness differences, and electrochemical deposition where applied potential or current controls film formation.
Relevance: Core · 7 · 2.3-2.5 · Figures 5-7
Discusses surfactant-assisted nanosheets, microfluidic shearing, and capillary-force wafer-level growth as emerging methods for high-quality or scalable films.
Relevance: Supporting · 8 · 2.6. Other Methods · Figure 8
Compares synthesis-route advantages and limitations, then lists six future challenges: controllability, multifunctionality, low-cost materials, scalable preparation, mechanism understanding, and conductivity improvement.
Relevance: Core · 15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
Classifies synthesis into LB, LBL, CVD, interface-assisted, electrochemical, and other emerging methods; Table 1 compiles selected conductivity/thickness benchmarks.
Relevance: Core · 3 · 2. Synthesis of 2D Conductive MOF Thin Films · Table 1
Classification systems are attributed to this review and are not treated as a global material registry.
The review distinguishes two CVD routes for Cu-BHT films, with similar macroscopic films but different domain sizes, roughness, and conductivity-temperature trends.
Categories: V-V interface synthesis · S-V interface synthesis
7 · 2.4. Chemical Vapor Deposition · Figure 6
The review frames 2D MOFs as structures extending in two dimensions and primarily appearing as nanosheets or nanomembranes, distinct from 1D and 3D morphologies.
Categories: 0D MOF nanoparticles · 1D nanowires/nanorods/nanotubes · 2D nanosheets/nanomembranes · 3D structures built from low-dimensional units or porous frameworks · Hybridised structures
2 · 1. Introduction
The review groups thin-film applications by device function, using electrochemical and electronic contexts to show where film morphology and conductivity matter.
Categories: Field-effect transistors · Supercapacitors · Batteries · Electrocatalysts · Sensors
9 · 3. The Applications of 2D Conductive MOF Thin Films in Electrochemistry · Figure 1
Interface synthesis is subdivided by whether the MOF grows at an immiscible liquid boundary or at an air-solution boundary, changing film transfer and interface stability.
Categories: Liquid-liquid interface · Gas-liquid interface
5 · 2.2.1-2.2.2 · Figures 3-4
The review's main organising framework is a preparation-route taxonomy that links process choice to film thickness, crystallinity, scalability, transfer, and device integration.
Categories: Langmuir-Blodgett method · Layer-by-layer assembly · Chemical vapor deposition · Liquid-liquid interface synthesis · Gas-liquid interface synthesis · Electrochemical deposition · Emerging methods
14 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook · Figure 1
The supercapacitor section introduces the standard EDLC/pseudocapacitor split before discussing conductive MOF film electrodes.
Categories: Electrochemical double-layer capacitors · Pseudo-capacitors
10 · 3.2. Supercapacitors · Figure 10
Review-defined families retain their representative materials and conduction descriptions.
Films based on benzenehexathiol or related sulfur-rich conductive ligands coordinated to transition or coinage metals.
Conduction: The review treats BHT coordination networks as representative high-conductivity 2D conductive MOFs, with Cu-BHT reaching very high reported conductivities.
Representative materials: Cu-BHT · Ag3BHT2 · Au3BHT2
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ag · Au · BHT · thiolate conjugated ligands
5 · 2.2.1. Liquid-Liquid Interface · Figure 3; Table 1
Conductive 2D MOFs formed from hexaaminobenzene ligands with copper or nickel centres.
Conduction: The review connects M-HAB redox-active frameworks to pseudocapacitive behaviour and different conductivities for Ni-HAB and Cu-HAB.
Representative materials: Cu-HAB · Ni-HAB · HAB-Cu
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · HAB · hexaaminobenzene
10 · 3.2. Supercapacitors · Figure 10
2D MOF films using hexahydroxytriphenylene or hexaiminotriphenylene linkers with metal nodes such as Cu, Ni, or Co.
Conduction: Conductivity is linked to extended conjugation and can be strongly affected by film orientation, thickness, crystallinity, and deposition route.
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2 · Ni3(HITP)2 · Co3(HHTP)2 · HITP-Ni-NS
Nodes / linkers: Cu · Ni · Co · HHTP · HITP · triphenylene-derived ligands
4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Table 1
Cobalt-based 2D conductive MOF nanosheets grown by LB/LBL approaches and used in sensing or OER examples.
Conduction: The review emphasises ultrathin monolayer/few-layer morphology and catalytic/sensing function rather than a broad conductivity survey.
Representative materials: Co3(HHTP)2 · Co3(HOB)2
Nodes / linkers: Co · HHTP · HOB
4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Figure 2
Edge-on oriented 2D MOF films built from phthalocyanine-derived ligands and metal coordination.
Conduction: The review highlights anisotropic charge transport, where transverse conductivity exceeds longitudinal conductivity because interlayer and intralayer paths differ.
Representative materials: Cu2[PcCu-O8]
Nodes / linkers: Cu · octahydroxy phthalocyaninato copper
6 · 2.2.2. Gas-Liquid Interface · Figure 4
2D films using metalloporphyrin or carboxyphenylporphyrin linkers, often selected for optoelectronic, protonic, or separator functions.
Conduction: The review emphasises stable pi-conjugated macrocycles, proton-conducting nanochannels, and film-device integration rather than highest electronic conductivity.
Representative materials: NAFS-1 · Cu-TCPP · Cu2(TCPP)
Nodes / linkers: Cu · metalloporphyrin centres · metalloporphyrins · TCPP
3 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method
Copper 2D MOF materials using redox-active oxygenated aromatic linkers for battery electrodes.
Conduction: The review links redox-active units and conductive 2D honeycomb structures to lithium storage and high-conductivity CVD films.
Representative materials: Cu-THQ · Cu-HHTQ · Cu3(C6O6)2
Nodes / linkers: Cu · THQ · HHTQ · C6O6
11 · 3.3.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries · Figure 11
Review-level synthesis principles remain separate from primary-study recipes.
Use vapour-phase precursor transport and reaction to create continuous 2D MOF films, including V-V and S-V interfacial CVD routes.
Claimed effects: Can yield large-area, high-quality, continuous films and special materials; route choice affects domain size, roughness, and conductivity.
Controlling variables: growth temperature · substrate or matrix · airflow · pressure · growth time · cooling rate · CVD route
Representative materials: Cu-BHT · Cu3(C6O6)2
Caveat: Mechanistic complexity, high equipment cost, strict operating conditions, and high-temperature requirements limit generality.
7 · 2.4. Chemical Vapor Deposition · Figure 6
Apply voltage or current so a metal electrode supplies metal ions by oxidation and MOF grows around the electrode surface.
Claimed effects: Room-temperature, vacuum-free, scalable film formation with direct contact to conductive substrates and adjustable thickness/composition.
Controlling variables: voltage · current · applied potential · electrode/substrate material · ligand solution · transfer chemistry
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2
Caveat: Review notes high controllability but also high equipment cost, complex operation, and relatively slow film growth.
8 · 2.5. Electrochemical Deposition · Figure 7
Use processing aids such as surfactants, microfluidic shearing, or capillary-force confined reaction to make ultrathin, flexible, transparent, or wafer-level films.
Claimed effects: Emerging routes offer improved film quality, flexibility, transparency, wafer-scale growth, and method universality for multiple 2D MOFs.
Controlling variables: surfactant choice · shearing flow · substrate spacing · capillary force · functionalised substrate chemistry
Representative materials: Cu-HHB · Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu2(TCPP)
Caveat: Outlook states some emerging methods have not yet been used in large quantities.
8 · 2.6. Other Methods · Figure 8
Grow a film at an air-solution interface, often making transfer to substrate surfaces easier than in liquid-liquid growth.
Claimed effects: Faster growth and improved film transfer; can produce smooth films with thickness increasing with growth time.
Controlling variables: air-solution interface stability · deprotonation conditions · growth time · film transfer method
Representative materials: Ni3(HITP)2 · Cu-THPP · Cu2[PcCu-O8]
Caveat: The outlook describes gas-liquid preparation conditions as demanding and easily interfered with.
5 · 2.2.2. Gas-Liquid Interface · Figure 4
Control surface pressure at a gas-liquid interface to form ordered monolayer films and transfer them to substrates, including multilayer stacking.
Claimed effects: Enables monolayer formation, high order, uniformity, thickness control, and deposition on varied substrates.
Controlling variables: surface pressure · number of transfer cycles · metal-ion and ligand choice · substrate transfer method
Representative materials: THTNi · Co3(HHTP)2 · HITP-Ni-NS
Caveat: The outlook notes LB can require complicated preparation, specialised equipment, and controlled environmental conditions.
4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Figure 2
Sequentially expose a functionalised substrate to metal salt and ligand solutions or sprays so film thickness is controlled by growth cycles.
Claimed effects: Precise thickness/composition control, multilayer assembly, and orientation control when substrate chemistry and solvent are tuned.
Controlling variables: substrate SAM functional groups · number of immersion or spray cycles · cleaning solvent · growth orientation · temperature
Representative materials: Cu3(HHTP)2 · Cu3(HHTT)2 · Cu-HHTP
Caveat: Review notes possible insufficient quality/stability and requirement for specific substrate materials.
6 · 2.3. Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method · Figure 5
Dissolve metal salts and ligands in two immiscible liquid phases so a uniform film forms at the phase interface and can later be transferred.
Claimed effects: Simple, quick, controllable and relatively low-cost formation of large-area films at confined phase boundaries.
Controlling variables: choice of immiscible solvents · metal salt and ligand solubility · interfacial proton concentration · reaction time
Representative materials: Cu-BHT · Ag3BHT2 · Cu-HHTP-TCNQ
Caveat: Outlook notes films can be disturbed by external factors, with slow growth and inhomogeneous thickness.
5 · 2.2.1. Liquid-Liquid Interface · Figure 3
These are the review authors’ synthesis, not newly measured results.
Compared with 1D and 3D MOFs, ultrathin 2D MOFs provide high surface area, exposed active sites, and open channels that benefit electronic and electrochemical applications.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: The review does not quantify these advantages for every material family.
2 · 1. Introduction
For batteries, conductive 2D MOF films are used to provide redox activity, ion/electron transport channels, polysulfide barriers, or pseudocapacitive Zn-ion storage.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review spans different battery chemistries, so mechanisms should not be collapsed into one generic process.
12 · 3.3. Batteries · Figures 11-13
Conventional MOFs are limited in multifunctional electronic devices because of inherently low conductivity, motivating conductive 2D MOF film research.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is a broad framing claim; primary papers should be used for material-specific conductivity.
2 · 1. Introduction
For CVD Cu-BHT, V-V and S-V routes produce similar macroscopic films but different domain sizes, roughness, and conductivity-temperature behaviour.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: Based on one reviewed CVD comparison; should not be generalised to all c-MOF CVD films without primary evidence.
7 · 2.4. Chemical Vapor Deposition · Figure 6
The review argues that 2D conductive MOFs address a key MOF electrocatalysis limitation by adding electronic conductivity to high surface area and well-defined active sites.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Catalyst comparisons are reaction- and condition-specific.
13 · 3.4. Electrocatalysis
Electrochemical deposition is framed as a practical way to solve contact between a MOF layer and a conductive substrate while controlling thickness by voltage/current.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Outlook lists slow growth and process complexity as limitations.
8 · 2.5. Electrochemical Deposition · Figure 7
2D conductive MOF films can function as FET channel materials where gate voltage modulates channel conductivity, enabling electronic and biosensing applications.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The examples are device-specific and include both proton and electronic transport contexts.
9 · 3.1. Field-Effect Transistors · Figure 9
Thin-film forms are increasingly important for miniaturised devices because orientation, conductivity, and controllable thickness support catalysis, sensing, and energy-storage integration.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review's application coverage is selective and electrochemistry-focused.
2 · 1. Introduction
Interface-assisted synthesis is valuable because phase boundaries confine nucleation and precursor assembly in two dimensions, improving morphology and enabling film transfer.
Evidence basis: single_reference
Caveat: The review distinguishes liquid-liquid and gas-liquid tradeoffs and does not imply all interfaces yield homogeneous films.
5 · 2.2. Interface-Assisted Synthesis
LB technology is presented as a strong route for large-area, ordered, ultrathin nanosheets because it controls film order, uniformity, and thickness by surface pressure and layer stacking.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The outlook later notes LB process complexity and equipment/environment requirements.
4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Figure 2
No universal preparation method yet combines high film quality, excellent performance, simple operation, high yield, and large-scale commercial applicability.
Evidence basis: review_reasoning
Caveat: This is an outlook judgement by the review authors.
15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
Charge transport in oriented 2D MOF films can be anisotropic because interlayer and intralayer transport paths differ; orientation therefore affects measured conductivity.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review describes anisotropy qualitatively; device-specific anisotropic measurements require primary papers.
7 · 2.3. Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method · Figure 5
Conductive 2D MOF films can operate as chemiresistive or electrochemical sensors because porosity supplies recognition sites and conductivity transduces environmental changes.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: The review reports promising selectivity for selected analytes, not universal sensor selectivity.
13 · 3.5. Sensors · Figure 14
Ultrathin conductive MOF films are attractive supercapacitor electrodes because they combine high conductivity, large surface area, and short electron/ion diffusion paths.
Evidence basis: multi_reference
Caveat: Powder packing and ion-transport limitations can still harm rate performance.
10 · 3.2. Supercapacitors · Figure 10
Every row remains visibly secondary and links to a primary dossier only where the mapping is verified.
| Material | Property | Reported value | Context and quality | Primary evidence | Review source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SecondaryAg3BHT2 | electrical conductivity | 363 S cm-1 | Table 1; thickness 276.5 nm Table · Exact Reported | research_0096 | 4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Table 1 |
| SecondaryCo3(HHTP)2 | monolayer thickness | 0.7 nm | 1-layer LB/LBL film by AFM Text · Rounded Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Figure 2 |
| SecondaryCu3(C6O6)2 | volume conductivity | 92.95 +/- 14.1 S cm-1 at 273 K under vacuum | four-probe measurement; 273 K; vacuum; approximately 80 nm film Text · Exact Reported | research_0142 | 7 · 2.4. Chemical Vapor Deposition · Figure 6 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | aqueous zinc-ion reversible capacity | nearly 230 mAh g-1 | Zn battery cathode; pseudocapacitive mechanism Text · Approximate | research_0188 | 12 · 3.3.3. Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries · Figure 13 |
| SecondaryCu3(HHTP)2 | electrical conductivity | 0.29 S cm-1 at 27 C | LBL growth on SAM-functionalised LaSrMnO3; 27 C Text · Exact Reported | research_0129 | 7 · 2.3. Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method · Figure 5 |
| SecondaryCu-BHT | electrical conductivity | up to 1580 S cm-1 | review text/table; room temperature in Table 1 Text · Exact Reported | research_0006 | 5 · 2.2.1. Liquid-Liquid Interface · Table 1; Figure 3 |
| SecondaryCu-BHT | electrical conductivity | 1440 S cm-1 | S-V CVD growth; conductivity decreases with increasing temperature Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 7 · 2.4. Chemical Vapor Deposition · Figure 6 |
| SecondaryCu-BHT | electrical conductivity | about 1400 S cm-1 | gas-liquid/interface-derived Cu-BHT film; thickness 17 nm in Table 1 Text · Approximate | research_0416 | 6 · 2.2.2. Gas-Liquid Interface · Figure 4; Table 1 |
| SecondaryCu-THPP | minimum film thickness | about 1 nm | gas-liquid interface preparation; thickness adjusted by ligand quantity Text · Approximate | research_0076 | 6 · 2.2.2. Gas-Liquid Interface · Figure 4 |
| SecondaryCu-THQ | specific capacity | up to 380 mAh g-1; 340 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles | lithium-ion battery cathode; 85% retention after 100 cycles Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 11 · 3.3.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries · Figure 11 |
| SecondaryHITP-Ni-NS | film thickness | about 14 nm | uniaxially oriented LB-prepared MOF nanosheets Text · Approximate | research_0094 | 4 · 2.1. Langmuir-Blodgett Method · Figure 2 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | FET mobility | close to 50 cm2 V-1 s-1 | FET active channel material; P-type transistor behaviour Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 9 · 3.1. Field-Effect Transistors · Figure 9 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2/PP separator | lithium-sulfur discharge capacity | 1186 mAh g-1 | lithium-sulfur cell with Ni3(HITP)2-modified separator Text · Exact Reported | No verified corpus mapping | 12 · 3.3.2. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries · Figure 12 |
| SecondaryNi3(HITP)2 | electrical conductivity | up to 37 S cm-1 | MASS-PRC thin film; flexible, ultrathin, transparent conductive film Text · Exact Reported | research_0124 | 8 · 2.6. Other Methods · Figure 8 |
| SecondaryNi-HAB | volumetric capacitance | approximately 750 F cm-3 | independent additive-free particles by cold isostatic pressing Text · Approximate | No verified corpus mapping | 10 · 3.2. Supercapacitors · Figure 10 |
Open questions are presented as review-author priorities, not conclusions from the primary database.
MOFs remain generally low-conductivity, and conductivity must be improved while maintaining large specific surface area.
Proposed direction: Develop structure/property strategies that enhance electronic conductivity without sacrificing porosity and active surface area.
15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
Preparation remains cumbersome and film-thickness adjustment needs improvement.
Proposed direction: Develop more controllable synthesis routes for thickness, conductivity, and orientation.
15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
Growth mechanisms are complex and many factors affect film thickness, conductivity, and orientation.
Proposed direction: Use in-situ characterisation to understand and tune film growth mechanisms.
15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
No universal method yet combines high quality, excellent performance, simple operation, high yield, and large-scale synthesis.
Proposed direction: Develop scalable film-preparation methods suitable for commercial application.
15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
Many conductive MOF ligands are high-cost aromatic systems, so lower-cost materials that retain conductivity are needed.
Proposed direction: Design cheaper ligand/material platforms without sacrificing conductive properties.
15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
2D conductive MOF films need broader multifunctionality for electrocatalysis, capacitors, sensors, nanomedicine, physics, optics, and other fields.
Proposed direction: Expand functional design beyond single electrochemical use cases and integrate multiple functions in film platforms.
15 · 4. Conclusion and Outlook
Mappings show which printed review references have a verified counterpart in the frozen primary corpus.
| Reference | Study | Role and context | Corpus mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. 92017 | Title unavailable | supercapacitor_context · secondary_benchmark_sourceCited for high-conductivity porous Ni3(HITP)2 used as an EDLC supercapacitor material. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 182021 | Title unavailable | orientation_transport · synthesis_exampleUsed for edge-on oriented Cu2[PcCu-O8] films and anisotropic charge transport discussion. | research_0061 |
| Ref. 222018 | Title unavailable | application_contextCited in the introduction for catalysis application potential of 2D conductive MOF films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 232016 | Title unavailable | sensing_contextCited for sensing potential in the introductory application framing. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 242016 | Title unavailable | gas_liquid_interface · fet_benchmarkUsed for air-liquid interface Ni3(HITP)2 films and FET performance. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 252017 | Title unavailable | lbl_synthesis · sensor_exampleUsed for spray/LBL Cu3(HHTP)2 films and NH3 chemiresistive sensing. | research_0115 |
| Ref. 342015 | Title unavailable | lb_synthesisRepresentative LB large-area 2D supramolecular MOF nanosheet example. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 352019 | Title unavailable | lb_synthesis · oer_example · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for Co3(HHTP)2/Co-HHTP monolayer films, H2O2 reduction, and OER layer-number effect. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 382021 | Title unavailable | lb_synthesis · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for uniaxially oriented HITP-Ni nanosheets prepared by LB. | research_0094 |
| Ref. 392018 | Title unavailable | interface_synthesis_contextCited for the general role of interfaces in controlling MOF film growth and transfer. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 402015 | Title unavailable | liquid_liquid_interface · secondary_benchmark_sourceRepresentative water/dichloromethane Cu-BHT film with very high conductivity. | research_0006 |
| Ref. 412018 | Title unavailable | liquid_liquid_interface · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for Ag3BHT2/Au3BHT2 thin films formed at aqueous-organic interfaces. | research_0096 |
| Ref. 422022 | Title unavailable | liquid_liquid_interfaceUsed for dual-organic-ligand Cu-HHTP-TCNQ film prepared by liquid-liquid interface synthesis. | research_0130 |
| Ref. 452021 | Title unavailable | gas_liquid_interface · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for gas-liquid-interface single-layer Cu-THPP film with ligand-controlled thickness. | research_0076 |
| Ref. 462021 | Title unavailable | sensor_example · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for continuous Cu-BHT film synthesis and Cu-BHT H2O2 biosensor performance. | research_0416 |
| Ref. 492020 | Title unavailable | lbl_synthesis · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for cyclic-immersion LBL Cu3(HHTP)2 films and film thickness/conductivity control. | research_0129 |
| Ref. 502022 | Title unavailable | lbl_synthesisUsed for large-area oriented Cu3(HHTT)2 film and solvent effects on film thickness/roughness. | research_0506 |
| Ref. 512022 | Title unavailable | orientation_transportUsed for comparing [001] and [100] Cu-HHTP film orientations and anisotropic charge transfer. | research_0312 |
| Ref. 532020 | Title unavailable | cvd_synthesis · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for V-V versus S-V CVD Cu-BHT films and conductivity/domain-size comparison. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 542022 | Title unavailable | cvd_synthesis · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for chemical vapour precipitation of Cu3(C6O6)2 thin films and four-probe conductivity. | research_0142 |
| Ref. 582011 | Title unavailable | electrochemical_deposition_contextCited for voltage/current control of electrosynthesis and substrate-contact challenges. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 592021 | Title unavailable | electrochemical_depositionUsed for in situ electrochemical growth of large, uniform Cu3(HHTP)2 films on copper foil. | research_0076 |
| Ref. 602020 | Title unavailable | electrochemical_depositionUsed for electrodeposited Cu3(HHTP)2 films and PMMA-assisted transfer from Au/SiO2. | research_0018 |
| Ref. 612020 | Title unavailable | emerging_synthesisUsed for surfactant-assisted ultrathin HHB-Cu MOF nanosheets. | research_0043 |
| Ref. 622022 | Title unavailable | emerging_synthesis · sensor_example · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for microfluidic shearing/MASS-PRC films, transparent Ni3(HITP)2 film conductivity, and H2S sensing. | research_0124 |
| Ref. 632021 | Title unavailable | emerging_synthesis · wafer_levelUsed for capillary-force wafer-level Cu2(TCPP) films and broader universality for other 2D MOF films. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 662021 | Title unavailable | fet_benchmarkUsed for bionic proton FET device with Cu-TCPP active layer. | research_0356 |
| Ref. 672019 | Title unavailable | fet_benchmarkUsed for Ni-MOF FET device with bipolar behaviour and mobility/switching benchmarks. | research_0230 |
| Ref. 692018 | Title unavailable | supercapacitor_benchmark · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for ultrathin Ni/Cu-HAB MOF supercapacitors and capacitance benchmarks. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 712020 | Title unavailable | supercapacitor_deviceUsed for uniform conductive Ni3(HITP)2 film transferred to ITO/PET for capacitive electrodes. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 752020 | Title unavailable | battery_benchmark · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for Cu-THQ cathode in lithium-ion batteries and capacity/cycling benchmarks. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 802018 | Title unavailable | lithium_sulfur_battery · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for Ni3(HITP)2-modified separator in lithium-sulfur batteries. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 832019 | Title unavailable | zinc_ion_battery · secondary_benchmark_sourceUsed for 2D conductive Cu3(HHTP)2 cathode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. | research_0188 |
| Ref. 842016 | Title unavailable | orr_electrocatalysisUsed for porous Ni3(HHTP)2 films as ORR catalysts. | research_0003 |
| Ref. 852020 | Title unavailable | orr_electrocatalysisUsed for Ni-HAB ORR catalyst with high crystallinity and stability. | research_0579 |
| Ref. 862018 | Title unavailable | oer_electrocatalysisUsed for NiPc-MOF film on conductive substrate as an OER electrocatalyst. | Unmapped |
| Ref. 912017 | Title unavailable | sensor_exampleUsed for MOF/gold nanocluster cocaine sensor with high selectivity. | Unmapped |