Harmonised techniqueNon-exclusive mapping

Electron diffraction

Three-dimensional electron diffraction, cRED, MicroED and related structure-solution methods.

33primary papers
47mapped measurements
269linked results
36raw method labels
The harmonised label does not replace the method

Every source method stays verbatim. Subtypes retain distinctions such as ATR versus transmission IR, powder versus single-crystal diffraction, and two- versus four-contact transport.

Measurement-family coverage

The same technique may serve transport, electrochemistry, sensing or another scientific purpose.

Mapped measurements

Filter source method wording, sample context and scientific purpose.

47 measurements

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

AC-HRTEM and electron diffraction

2025 · 2D Rhodium-Isocyanide Frameworks

as-prepared SJTU-201 powder · Powder · in-plane networks viewed along [001]; simulated TEM/ED compared with experiment

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

AC-HRTEM and electron diffraction

2025 · 2D Rhodium-Isocyanide Frameworks

as-prepared SJTU-202 powder · Powder · in-plane networks viewed along [001]; simulated TEM/ED compared with experiment

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

AC-HRTEM and electron diffraction

2025 · 2D Rhodium-Isocyanide Frameworks

as-prepared SJTU-203 powder · Powder · in-plane networks viewed along [001]; simulated TEM/ED compared with experiment

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotation

PXRD and cRED

2025 · Asymmetrical Substitution Manipulates Stacking Modes in 2D Conductive MOF Crystals

Cu3F2HHTP2 blue powder/rod crystals · Powder · Synchrotron PXRD and cRED/SAED used to assign wavy bridged bilayer structure.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotation

PXRD and cRED

2025 · Asymmetrical Substitution Manipulates Stacking Modes in 2D Conductive MOF Crystals

Cu3FHHTP2 blue powder/rod crystals · Powder · Synchrotron PXRD and cRED/SAED used to assign layered structure and stacking.

Diffraction StructureMicroED

PXRD and MicroED/Pawley structural analysis

2025 · Enhanced Electrical Conductivity by the Heavy Chalcogen Effect in Metal-Organic Frameworks

Cu-S-HHS solvothermal powder · Powder · Cu-S-HHS solved by MicroED at 77 K; Se/Te models Pawley-refined against PXRD.

Diffraction StructureMicroED

PXRD and MicroED/Pawley structural analysis

2025 · Enhanced Electrical Conductivity by the Heavy Chalcogen Effect in Metal-Organic Frameworks

Cu-Se-HHS solvothermal powder · Powder · Cu-S-HHS solved by MicroED at 77 K; Se/Te models Pawley-refined against PXRD.

Diffraction StructureMicroED

PXRD and MicroED/Pawley structural analysis

2025 · Enhanced Electrical Conductivity by the Heavy Chalcogen Effect in Metal-Organic Frameworks

Cu-Te-HHS solvothermal powder · Powder · Cu-S-HHS solved by MicroED at 77 K; Se/Te models Pawley-refined against PXRD.

Diffraction StructureUnspecified subtype

TEM, HR-TEM and selected-area electron diffraction

2025 · Volatolomics in Fritillarias and Their Identification by Orientation Controlled cMOF Thin Film Chemiresistors

Cu-HHTP[001]-20C thin film · Thin Film · TEM/SAED characterisation of Cu3(HHTP)2 film crystalline phase and lattice fringes.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotation

Continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED)

2024 · Control of the Hydroquinone/Benzoquinone Redox State in High-Mobility Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymers

Ag4TTBQ cRED TEM-grid nanocrystal sample · Single Crystal · TEM JEOL JEM2100 with LaB6 filament and ASI Timepix camera at 200 kV; REDp reconstruction, XRS intensity extraction, SHELXT structure solution.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotation

Continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED)

2024 · Control of the Hydroquinone/Benzoquinone Redox State in High-Mobility Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymers

Ag4TTHQ cRED TEM-grid nanocrystal sample · Single Crystal · TEM JEOL JEM2100 with LaB6 filament and ASI Timepix camera at 200 kV; REDp reconstruction, XRS intensity extraction, SHELXT structure solution.

Diffraction Structure3D electron diffractionRefinement / structure solution

3D electron diffraction; ab initio solution and SHELXL refinement

2024 · De Novo Design and Facile Synthesis of Highly Crystalline 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: A “Rotor-Stator” Strategy

Cu-DCB-MOF micrometer-sized crystal · Single Crystal · TEM JEM-F200, 200 kV; tilt range -44.9 to +62.2 deg; high vacuum below 1e-5 Pa; 298 K.

Diffraction Structure3D electron diffractionRefinement / structure solution

3D electron diffraction; ab initio solution and SHELXL refinement

2024 · De Novo Design and Facile Synthesis of Highly Crystalline 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: A “Rotor-Stator” Strategy

Cu-DCBBT-MOF black powder/crystals · Powder · TEM JEM-F200, 200 kV; tilt range -60.9 to +53.3 deg; high vacuum below 1e-5 Pa; 293 K.

Diffraction Structure3D electron diffractionRefinement / structure solution

3D electron diffraction; ab initio solution and SHELXL refinement

2024 · De Novo Design and Facile Synthesis of Highly Crystalline 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: A “Rotor-Stator” Strategy

Cu-DCBT-MOF black powder/crystals · Powder · TEM JEM-F200, 200 kV; tilt range -57.9 to +62.1 deg; high vacuum below 1e-5 Pa; 298 K.

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

HRTEM and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED)

2024 · Efficient oxygen evolution using conductive cobalt-based metal-organic framework

as-synthesised Co-BTB MOF powder · Powder · TEM/HRTEM imaging used to evaluate microstructure, lattice fringes, particle distribution, and crystallinity.

Diffraction StructureMicroED

MicroED

2024 · Gas-Induced Electrical and Magnetic Modulation of Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal–Organic Framework

NH3-exposed Cu3(C6O6)2 powder, 1% for 6 h · Powder · NH3-exposed powder; 200 kV electrons; TEM grid; cryo holder

Diffraction StructureMicroED

MicroED

2024 · Gas-Induced Electrical and Magnetic Modulation of Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal–Organic Framework

pristine Cu3(C6O6)2 powder · Powder · 200 kV electrons; TEM grid; cryo holder; 293 K table value

Diffraction StructureUnspecified subtype

Microcrystal electron diffraction (Micro-ED) in TEM

2024 · Synthesis and structure of a non-van-der-Waals two-dimensional coordination polymer with superconductivity

Pulverised Cu3BHT powder for Micro-ED · Powder · JEOL JEM2100 TEM at 200 kV with Timepix detector; specimen cooled to 96 K; goniometer rotation; 0.5 s exposures.

Diffraction StructureUnspecified subtype

TEM and electron diffraction

2023 · Ligand-Oxidation-Based Anodic Synthesis of Oriented Films of Conductive M-Catecholate Metal-Organic Frameworks with Controllable Thickness

Cu3(HHTP)2 film on Au/Cr/glass anode deposited at 0.25 V for 45 min · Thin Film · Fragment removed from Au electrode and settled on TEM grid with (002) plane parallel to electron beam.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotationRefinement / structure solution

Continuous-rotation electron diffraction and Pawley refinement

2023 · Near IR Bandgap Semiconducting 2D Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework with Rhombic Lattice and High Mobility

Cu2(OHPTP) rod-like single crystals · Single Crystal · cRED on JEOL JEM2100 using Instamatic; ED processed with XDS, solved with Shelx-2017 and refined with Shelxl-2017; Pawley refinement in TOPAS Academic V4.1.

Diffraction StructureUnspecified subtype

XRD and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED)

2023 · Self-Powered Infrared Photodetectors with Ultra-High Speed and Detectivity Based on Amorphous Cu-Based MOF Films

p-a-Cu-HHTP MOF film on electrospun nanofibres · Thin Film · Phase/crystallinity assessment of p-a-Cu-HHTP MOF film.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotation

continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED)

2023 · Wavy Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework with Metallic Charge Transport

Isolated Cu3(HFcHBC)2 single crystal device · Single Crystal · Single crystal dispersed in ethanol, transferred to holey carbon copper grid; JEOL JEM2100 at 200 kV; tilt rate 0.45 deg s-1 and exposure 0.5 s per frame.

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

SEM, TEM, selected area electron diffraction, elemental mapping

2022 · A Monocrystalline Coordination Polymer with Multiple Redox Centers as a High-Performance Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

as-synthesised CuCA nanosheet powder · Nanosheet · Morphology, nanosheet dimensions, monocrystalline nature, and elemental distribution for as-synthesised CuCA.

Diffraction StructureUnspecified subtype

TEM/HRTEM/FFT/electron diffraction

2022 · Chemical Vapor Deposition of Edge-on Oriented 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films

Scraped Cu3(C6O6)2 powder pellet · Pellet · Scraped thin-film product transferred to TEM grid; HRTEM zone-axis and FFT analysis.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotationRefinement / structure solution

cRED structure solution and refinement

2022 · Dimensionality Modulates Electrical Conductivity in Compositionally Constant One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Frameworks

Ni-3D-ox from ambient workup · Powder · Four cRED datasets collected on individual crystals; hexagonal indexing; PLATON/SQUEEZE used for disordered guest contribution.

Diffraction Structure3D electron diffraction

three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED)

2022 · Microscopic Insights into Cation-Coupled Electron Hopping Transport in a Metal-Organic Framework

bulk Zr(dcphOH-NDI) crystals for 3DED · Single Crystal · Bulk Zr(dcphOH-NDI) crystals measured by continuous-rotation electron diffraction at cryogenic temperature.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotationRefinement / structure solution

continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) and structure solution

2022 · sp-Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal-Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation

Cu3HHAE2 single crystals for cRED · Single Crystal · cRED collected at 96 K with Timepix detector in video mode; processed by REDp/XDS, solved with SHELXT, refined against PXRD with Topas 6.1.

Diffraction StructureMicroEDRefinement / structure solution

MicroED crystal-structure solution

2021 · Conductive Stimuli-Responsive Coordination Network Linked with Bismuth for Chemiresistive Gas Sensing

Bi(HHTP)-alpha MicroED crystal · Single Crystal · Thermo Fisher Talos F200C/CetaD; 200 keV; CIF data_merge_a

Diffraction StructureMicroEDRefinement / structure solution

MicroED crystal-structure solution

2021 · Conductive Stimuli-Responsive Coordination Network Linked with Bismuth for Chemiresistive Gas Sensing

Bi(HHTP)-beta hydrated MicroED crystal · Single Crystal · CIF data_mov01_a; hydrated/water-containing beta form

Diffraction StructureMicroED

MicroED after NH3 exposure

2021 · Conductive Stimuli-Responsive Coordination Network Linked with Bismuth for Chemiresistive Gas Sensing

NH3-exposed Bi(HHTP) · Powder · Bi(HHTP) exposed to 10,000 ppm NH3 for 1 h; CIF BiHHTP_NH3

Diffraction StructureMicroED

MicroED after NO exposure

2021 · Conductive Stimuli-Responsive Coordination Network Linked with Bismuth for Chemiresistive Gas Sensing

NO-exposed Bi(HHTP) · Powder · Bi(HHTP) exposed to 10,000 ppm NO for 1 h; CIF BiHHTP_NO

Diffraction StructureMicroEDRefinement / structure solution

Pawley refinement of pXRD using MicroED CIF

2021 · Conductive Stimuli-Responsive Coordination Network Linked with Bismuth for Chemiresistive Gas Sensing

Bi(HHTP)-alpha MicroED crystal · Single Crystal · BIOVIA Materials Studio Pawley refinement of activated Bi(HHTP)

Diffraction Structure3D electron diffraction

3D electron diffraction tomography, HRTEM, SAED

2020 · Conjugated Copper–Catecholate Framework Electrodes for Efficient Energy Storage

As-synthesised Cu-DBC powder · Powder · Single submicrometre Cu-DBC crystals; specimen plus electron-beam tilt from -50 to +50 degrees with 0.3 degree beam-tilt step; HRTEM at 200 kV.

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

AFM, TEM, HR-TEM, FFT electron diffraction and EELS

2020 · Metal-organic framework nanosheets for enhanced performance of organic photovoltaic cells

Zn2(ZnTCPP) MON suspension · Nanosheet · AFM on mica; TEM on holey C-coated Cu grid after dropcasting 10 uL suspension; JEOL-2010F at 200 kV.

Diffraction StructureContinuous rotationMicroED

cRED / MicroED and PXRD Pawley fitting

2019 · Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from a Cobaloxime-Based Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film

Bulk UU-100(Co) powder · Powder · cRED under cryogenic conditions; PXRD Cu K-alpha; structural model refined with DFT.

Diffraction StructureRefinement / structure solution

rotation electron diffraction plus powder X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement

2018 · Highly Conducting Neutral Coordination Polymer with Infinite Two-Dimensional Silver-Sulfur Networks

Ag-BHT nanocrystals exfoliated from film · Unknown · PXRD collected with Cu Kalpha radiation, 40 kV and 40 mA, 2theta 5.0-120.0 degrees, 0.013 degree step, 406 s per step; RED used for 3D reciprocal lattice reconstruction.

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, electron diffraction and AFM

2017 · Colossal Increase in Electric Current and High Rectification Ratio in a Photoconducting, Self-Cleaning, and Luminescent Schottky Barrier NMOF Diode

NMOF-1 bulk nanosheets/powder · Nanosheet · FESEM on silicon wafer; TEM after ethanol sonication/drop-casting on carbon-coated Cu grid; AFM height profiles

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

TEM and selected-area electron diffraction

2017 · Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Nanowire Array Electrodes for High-Performance Solid-State Supercapacitors

Cu-CAT nanowire arrays on carbon fibre paper · Electrode · TEM at 200 kV; lattice fringes and SAED used to assign single-crystal character and [001] growth direction.

Microscopy MorphologyUnspecified subtype

TEM and electron diffraction

2012 · Synthesis, characterization and solid state electrical properties of 1-D coordination polymer of the type [CuxNi1-x(dadb) ·yH2O]n

Complex 4 powder / pressed pellet · Powder · TEM on FEI Technai G2 F20 at 200 kV using copper grid for sample loading; representative complexes 2, 3 and 4.

Raw method vocabulary

These are the exact source-preserving method strings consolidated by this technique group.

Show 36 reported method labels
Raw method labelMapped measurements
3D electron diffraction; ab initio solution and SHELXL refinement3
PXRD and MicroED/Pawley structural analysis3
AC-HRTEM and electron diffraction3
MicroED crystal-structure solution2
PXRD and cRED2
Continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED)2
TEM and electron diffraction2
MicroED2
Cross-section SEM, TEM, HRTEM, selected-area electron diffraction and PXRD with DFT comparison1
TEM and selected-area electron diffraction1
MicroED after NH3 exposure1
MicroED after NO exposure1
Pawley refinement of pXRD using MicroED CIF1
3D electron diffraction tomography, HRTEM, SAED1
continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED)1
Microcrystal electron diffraction (Micro-ED) in TEM1
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED)1
TEM/HRTEM/FFT/electron diffraction1
Continuous-rotation electron diffraction and Pawley refinement1
Three-dimensional electron diffraction / selected-area electron diffraction1
continuous rotation electron diffraction (c-RED), PXRD Pawley/Rietveld refinement1
FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, electron diffraction and AFM1
cRED / MicroED and PXRD Pawley fitting1
3D electron diffraction / MicroED; PETS2, Jana2020, Superflip refinement in superspace1
Continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED), SHELXT/SHELXL refinement1
cRED structure solution and refinement1
three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED)1
HRTEM, selected-area electron diffraction and EDS mapping1
SEM, TEM, selected area electron diffraction, elemental mapping1
AFM, TEM, HR-TEM, FFT electron diffraction and EELS1
TEM and selected area electron diffraction (SAED)1
rotation electron diffraction plus powder X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement1
TEM, HR-TEM and selected-area electron diffraction1
continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) and structure solution1
XRD and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED)1
HRTEM and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED)1